Birth length, maternal height and pesticide exposure were predictors of child stunting in agricultural area

Kusuma Yati Alim; Ali Rosidi; Suhartono Suhartono

doi:10.21927/ijnd.2018.6(3).89-98

Birth length, maternal height and pesticide exposure were predictors of child stunting in agricultural area

Kusuma Yati Alim, Ali Rosidi, Suhartono Suhartono

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Berdasarkan data PSG Kementrian Kesehatan Tahun 2017 perevalensi stunting di Indonesia 29,6% (pendek 19,8% dan sangat pendek 9,8%) dan prevalensi stunting di Kabupaten Banjarnegara sebesar 30,1% Prevalensi stunting di Kecamatan Wanayasa mencapai 23,7%. Rendahnya asupan gizi, faktor genetik dan paparan pestisida merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting. Paparan pestisida sendiri dapat mengakibatkan gangguan metabolisme, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Kecamatan Wanayasa merupakan salah satu daerah pertanian di Indonesia, terdapat area pertanian kentang dan sayuran dengan intensitas penggunaan pestisida yang tinggi dalam pengolahan lahannya.

Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor risiko stunting pada anak usia 2-5 tahun di daerah pertanian

Metode : Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah case control dengan jumlah sampel 47 kasus (stunting) dan 47 kontrol (tidak stunting). Pemilihan subjek secara purposive sampling dengan matching umur dan jenis kelamin. Data diperoleh melalui pengukuran tinggi badan ,berat badan serta wawancara terstruktur dan untuk asupan gizi dengan menanyakan frekuensi penggunaan bahan makanan responden dalam ukuran rumah tangga dan mengkonversinya dalam ukuran berat (gram). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square, menghitung Odds Rasio (OR) dan metode regresi logistik.

Hasil: Nilai skor Z TB/U terendah pada kelompok kasus adalah -5.4SD dan tertinggi -2.55SD, umur balita terendah pada kelompok kasus 24 bulan dan pada kelompok kontrol 27 bulan. Sebagian besar pekerjaan ibu baik pada kelompok kasus (51.1%) maupun pada kelompok kontrol (57.4%) adalah sebagai petani. Pada analisis bivariat riwayat penyakit kehamilan ibu, tingkat kecukupan gizi (kalsium,zink, protein), riwayat paparan pestisida bumil tidak berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kejadian stunting.Tinggi badan ibu < 150 cm (OR=10.07; 95%CI: 3.57-28.38), panjang badan lahir (OR=11.04; 95%CI: 4.19-29.06), dan riwayat paparan pestisida pada anak (OR=4.21; 95%CI : 1.77-10.04) sebagai faktor risiko stunting.

Simpulan: Panjang badan lahir, tinggi badan ibu dan paparan pestisida merupakan faktor risiko stunting pada anak usia 2-5 tahun.

Kata Kunci: anak usia 2-5 tahun, daerah pertanian, stunting

ABSTRACT

Background: According to Nutritional Status Monitoring 2017, stunting prevalence in Indonesia was 29.6% and stunting prevalence in Banjarnegara District was 30.1%.The prevalence of stunting in Wanayasa Subdistrict was 23.7%. Low nutritional intake, genetic factors and exposure from pesticides are among the factors that influence stunting. Exposure from pesticides can lead to metabolic disorders, growth and development of children. Wanayasa Subdistrict is one of an agricultural area in Indonesia, there is a potato and vegetable farming area with high intensity of pesticide use in the processing of its land.

Objectives: This study aims was to analyze the risk factors for stunting among children age 2-5 years living in an agricultural area.

Methods: The research design was case control measured 47 children as cases and 47 children as controls. Subject selected by purposive sampling with matching age and gender. Data was collected by measurement of height, weight and structured interviews and for nutritional intake with asking the frequency of food intake in household size and converted in weight (gram) method. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, calculating Odds Ratio (OR) and logistic regression method.

Results: The lowest in the case group were -5.4 SD and the highest were -2.55 SD,the lowest age of children was the 24-month in case group and the 27-month in control group. Most of mothers work in case group (51.1%) and control group (57.4%) were farmers. In multivariate analysis of mother's height below 150 cm (OR=10.07; 95%CI: 3.57-28.38), length of birth (OR=11.04; 95%CI: 4.19-29.06), and history of pesticide exposure in children (OR=4.21; 95%CI: 1.77-10.04) are risk factors for stunting.

Conclusion: Birth length, maternal height and pesticide exposure were risk factor for stunting in children age 2-5 years.

KEYWORDS: children aged 2-5 years, agricultural area, stunting

Keywords

anak usia 2-5 tahun; daerah pertanian; stunting; children aged 2-5 years; agricultural area; stunting

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2018.6(3).89-98