Fulfilment minimum acceptable diet, exclusive breastfeeding, and infectious disease with stunting

Rokhiyatul Maila Putri; Sumardiyono Sumardiyono; Ismiranti Andarini

doi:10.21927/ijnd.2025.13(2).169-178

Fulfilment minimum acceptable diet, exclusive breastfeeding, and infectious disease with stunting

Rokhiyatul Maila Putri, Sumardiyono Sumardiyono, Ismiranti Andarini

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Stunting adalah kondisi yang menyebabkan kegagalan pertumbuhan selama 1000 hari pertama kehidupan karena kekurangan nutrisi yang berlangsung lama. Kabupaten Brebes merupakan wilayah dengan angka stunting tertinggi di Jawa Tengah yaitu sebesar 29.1%. Stunting dipengaruhi langsung oleh status infeksi anak serta konsumsi zat gizi makro maupun mikro.

Tujuan: Studi ini menyelidiki bagaimana Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD), ASI eksklusif, dan penyakit infeksi berkorelasi dengan stunting pada anak-anak berusia 6 hingga 23 bulan di Kabupaten Brebes.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan data sekunder hasil dari Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022 dengan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelompok anak berusia 6 hingga 23 bulan yang terdaftar di SSGI 2022 Kabupaten Brebes. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 189 anak yang didapatkan dari total sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Data dianalisis secara univariat dengan tabel distribusi frekuensi, bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square, dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik biner.

Hasil: Balita yang tidak mencapai MAD berisiko 1.30 kali mengalami stunting dan balita yang memiliki riwayat penyakit infeksi memiliki risiko 1.33 kali terkena stunting namun tidak signifikan secara statistik (p-value >0.05). Tidak signifikan variabel tersebut dapat disebabkan karena MAD yang dipengaruhi oleh beberpa faktor seperti pendidikan ibu dan ayah, kunjungan antenatal, dan tempat tinggal serta definisi penyakit infeksi yang terlalu luas. Hubungan yang tidak signifikan antara MAD dan stunting mungkin juga disebabkan oleh bias dalam pengukuran MAD, yang mengandalkan ingatan akan asupan makanan selama 24 jam terakhir. Sedangkan,balita tidak ASI eksklusif dapat meniurunkan risiko stunting 2.38 kali dan signifikan secara statistik (p-value 0.013).

Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi antara MAD dan penyakit infeksi dengan stunting namun terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara ASI eksklusif terhadap stunting.

KATA KUNCI: ASI eksklusif; minimum acceptable diet; penyakit infeksi; stunting

ABSTRACT

Background: Stunting is a condition resulting from long-term malnutrition, leading to growth failure within the first 1,000 days of life. Brebes Regency has the highest stunting rate in Central Java, at 29.1%. The child's level of infection and the amount of macro- and micronutrients they consume directly impact stunting.

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD), exclusive breastfeeding, and infectious diseases with stunting among children aged 6-23 months in Brebes Regency.

Methods: This quantitative study utilized secondary data from the 2022 SSGI and employed a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of children aged 6-23 months, as recorded in the 2022 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI) data for Brebes Regency. A total of 189 children were included in the study, selected through total sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed univariately with a frequency distribution table, bivariately with a Chi-Square test, and multivariately with a binary logistic regression test.

Results: Toddlers who do not reach the MAD have a 1.30 times risk of experiencing stunting, and toddlers with a history of infectious diseases have a 1.33 times risk of stunting, but this is not statistically significant (p-value >0.05). This variable is insignificant because MAD is influenced by several factors, such as the mother's and father's education, antenatal visits, and place of residence, as well as a definition of infectious disease that is too broad. The insignificant relationship between MAD and stunting may also result from biases in measuring MAD, which rely on the recall of food intake over the past 24 hours. Meanwhile, toddlers who are not exclusively breastfed can increase the risk of stunting 2.38 times, and it is statistically significant (p-value 0.013).

Conclusion: Stunting is not correlated with either MAD or infectious disease; however, it is significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding.

KEYWORDS: exclusive breastfeeding; infectious diseases; minimum acceptable diet; stunting

Keywords

ASI eksklusif; minimum acceptable diet; penyakit infeksi; stunting; exclusive breastfeeding; infectious diseases; minimum acceptable diet; stunting

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References

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2025.13(2).169-178