Analysis of stunting handling indicators based on SSGI 2022 data in Lampung Province: Multilevel analysis
Abstract
Background: The implementation of specific and sensitive nutrition interventions is an effort to prevent the increasing prevalence of stunting in Indonesia. However, not all target indicators performed optimally in their implementation, which could affect the increase in stunting prevalence.
Objectives: Analyze the dominant factors of stunting incidence among toddlers aged 12-13 months from suboptimal handling of stunting in Lampung Province.
Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the 2022 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey. The variables in this study were iron tablet consumption, exclusive breastfeeding, growth monitoring, primary immunization, access to drinking water, access to sanitation, and the incidence of stunting, and considering heterogeneity in subdisctrict and regencies/municipalities. The subjects were 1.929 toddlers aged 12-23 months, selected by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed with a frequency distribution table, a Chi-Square test, and a multilevel binary logistic regression test.
Results: Chi-square test showed there was no relationship between iron tablet consumption (p=0.362; OR=1.14), exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.164; OR=0.85), growth monitoring (p=0.807; OR=1.08), and access to sanitation (p=0.431; OR=1.18) with incidence of stunting. However, there was a relationship between primary immunization (p=0.008; OR=1.39) and acces to drinking water (p=0.023; OR=1.35). Multilevel test results showed that there was no effect of non-exclusive breastfeeding (aOR=0,84; p>0,05) not routine growth monitoring (aOR=1,03;p>0,05), inappropriate iron tablet consumption (aOR=1,14; p>0,05), inadequate access to sanitation (aOR=1,10; p>0,05), rural domicile (aOR = 1,03; p>0,05), number of community health centers (aOR=1,00; p>0,05) contour of mountain territory (aOR=0,89; p>0,05), and contour of water territory (aOR=0,83; p>0,05) with incidence of stunting. Household-level variation had the largest effect on stunting incidence, with an ICC of 7,63%.
Conclusions: Incomplete primary immunization and inadequate access to drinking water were the dominant factors affecting stunting in toddlers aged 12-23 months in Lampung Province.
Keywords
References
BKKBN. Kebijakan dan Strategi Percepatan Penurunan Stunting di Indonesia. Jakarta: BKKBN; 2021. 1–107 p.
UNICEF, WHO, World Bank. Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition: UNICEF / WHO / World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates: Key Findings of The 2023 Edition. New York; 2023.
Kemenkes RI. Hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2023. 1–150 p.
Sukmalalana, Putra HD, Cika V. Percepatan Penurunan Stunting untuk Mewujudkan Sumber Daya Manusia Indonesia yang Unggul [Internet]. Accountability Paper. 2022. Available from: https://berkas.dpr.go.id/puskajiakn/analisis-ringkas-cepat/public-file/analisis-ringkas-cepat-public-52.pdf
Kemensetneg RI. Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia No. 72 Tahun 2021 Tentang Percepatan Penurunan Stunting. Kemensetneg RI 2021 p. 1–52.
Agustanto MW. 8 Aksi Integrasi Program Penurunan Stunting [PowerPoint slides] [Internet]. Kemendagri RI. 2021 [cited 2024 Jan 7]. Available from: https://stunting.go.id/?sdm_process_download=1&download_id=7659
Kemendagri RI. Master Ansit Stunting Tahun 2022 [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https://aksi.bangda.kemendagri.go.id/emonev/DashTop/index/4
Sampe A, Toban RC, Madi MA. Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Balita. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada. 2020;11(1):448–55.
Hafid F, Taqwin, Linda, Nasrul, Ramadhan K, Bohari. Specific interventions to prevent stunting in children under 2 years after the natural disaster. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2021;9(E):64–9.
Prakoso AD, Azmiardi A, Febriani GA, Anulus A. Studi Case Control : Pemantauan Pertumbuhan, Pemberian Makan dan Hubungannya dengan Stunting pada Anak Panti Asuhan di Kota Semarang. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Husada: Health Sciences Journal. 2021;12(2):160–72.
Fentiana N, Tambunan F, Ginting D. Peran Pemantauan Pertumbuhan Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Stunting Anak 0-23 Bulan di Indonesia: Temuan Riskesdas 2013. J Semesta Sehat [Internet]. 2022;2(2):9–18. Available from: https://jsemesta.iakmi.or.id/index.php/jm/article/view/96/77
Vasera RA, Kurniawan B. Hubungan Pemberian Imunisasi dengan Kejadian Anak Stunting di Puskesmas Sungai Aur Pasaman Barat Tahun 2021. Jurnal Kedokteran STM (Sains dan Teknol Medik). 2023;6(1):82–90.
Doni AW, Yusefni E, Susanti D, Wulandari PK. Hubungan Panjang Badan Lahir dan Riwayat Imunisasi Dasar dengan Kejadian Stunting Balita. Jurnal Kesehatan. 2020;13(2):118–31.
Nisar Y Bin, Aguayo VM, Billah SM, Dibley MJ. Antenatal Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation Is Associated with Improved Linear Growth and Reduced Risk of Stunting or Severe Stunting in South Asian Children Less than Two Years of Age: A Pooled Analysis from Seven Countries. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):1–19.
Fentiana N, Tambunan F, Ginting D. Stunting, Pemeriksaan Kehamilan dan Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah Ibu Hamil di Indonesia: Analisis Data Riskesdas 2013. Jurnal Keperawatan Suaka Insan. 2022;7(2):133–8.
Olo A, Mediani HS, Rakhmawati W. Hubungan Faktor Air dan Sanitasi dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Indonesia. Jurnal Obsesi Jurnal Pendidik Anak Usia Dini. 2021;5(2):1113–26.
Adzura M, Fathmawati, Yulia. Hubungan Sanitasi, Air Bersih, dan Mencuci Tangan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Indonesia. Indonesia Higher Education [Internet]. 2021;21(1):81–9. Available from: 1288
Sinatrya AK, Muniroh L. Hubungan Faktor Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) dengan Stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kotakulon, Kabupaten Bondowoso. Amerta Nutrition. 2019;3(3):164–70.
TN2PK (Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan). Ringkasan 100 Kabupaten/Kota Prioritas untuk Intervensi Anak Kerdil (Stunting). Jakarta: Sekretariat Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia; 2017.
Nurbani RI, Widyaningsih D, Fatah AR, Elmira E, Toyamah N, Rianto L, et al. Penanggulangan Stunting di Tingkat Daerah : Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Variasi Tingkat Stunting di Enam Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia. Jakarta; 2019.
Badan Pusat Statistik. Provinsi Lampung Dalam Angka 2022. BPS Provinsi Lampung. 2022;2(2):796.
BPS Provinsi Lampung. Lampung dalam Angka 2023. BPS Provinsi Lampung. 2023. 1–740 p.
Kemenkes RI. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 tentang Standar Antropometri Anak. 2020 p. 1–78.
Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Penatalaksanaan Pemberian Tablet Tambah Darah. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2015. 46 p.
Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak (PMBA). Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2020. 1–129 p.
Kemenkes RI. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No 66 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemantauan Pertumbuhan, Perkembangan, dan Gangguan Tumbuh Kembang Anak. Kemenkes RI 2014 p. 1–365.
Kemenkes RI. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 12 Tahun 2017 tentang Penyelenggaraan Imunisasi. Kemenkes RI Indonesia; 2017 p. 1–45.
Bappenas. Metadata Indikator: Pilar Pembangunan Lingkungan. 2nd ed. Kementerian PPN/Bappenas. Jakarta: Bappenas; 2020. 1–106 p.
Ampu MN. Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu dengan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada Bayi Di Puskesmas Neomuti Tahun 2018. Intelektiva Jurnal Ekonomi Sosial Humaniora [Internet]. 2021;2(12):9–19. Available from: https://jurnal.unived.ac.id/index.php/mude/article/view/4835%0Ahttps://jurnal.unived.ac.id/index.php/mude/article/download/4835/3730
Nanda MB. - Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Permintaan Pelayanan Kesehatan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Depati Bahrin Kabupaten Bangka. Equity Jurnal Ekonomi. 2021;9(1):38–50.
Azahra IT, Ningrum D, Dolifah D. Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Kepemilikan dalam Pemanfaatan BPJS Kesehaan pada Ibu Balita Stunting. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2023;7(1):916–25.
Asprika MCW. Hubungan Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Dan Sikap Ibu Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Cecar. Nutrizione : Nutrition Research And Development Journal [Internet]. 2023;3(1):40–8. Available from: https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/nutrizione/
Agustia R, Rahman N, Hermiyanty H. Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 12-59 Bulan Di Wilayah Tambang Poboya, Kota Palu. Ghidza Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan [Internet]. 2020;2(2):59–62. Available from: http://jurnal.untad.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/ghidza/article/view/11258
Hadi Z, Anwary AZ, Asrinawaty. Kejadian Stunting Balita ditinjau dari Aspek Kunjungan Posyandu dan Perilaku Pemberian ASI Eksklusif. Jurnal Akademi Baiturrahim Jambi. 2022;11(1):1–13.
Jayanti ND, Mayasari SI. Pemberdayaan Kader dalam Pemantauan Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Balita dengan DDST di Desa Mangliawan Kab. Malang. JAPI (Jurnal Akses Pengabdian Indonesia). 2019;4(1):7.
Mulyani I, Khairunnas, Ayunda HM, Muliadi T, Syafiq A, Ahmad A. Relationship between Unsafety Action and Unsafe Conditions with Traffic Accidents in Passenger Car Drivers at Meulaboh Type C Terminal. J-Kesmas Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat (The Indonesian Journal Public Health). 2020;10(1):11–4.
Fajariyah RN, Hidajah AC. Correlation Between Immunization Status and Mother’S Height, and Stunting in Children 2–5 Years in Indonesia. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi [Internet]. 2020;8(1):89–96. Available from: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JBE/article/view/14023/9657
Tripathy SK, Das S, Malik A. Vaccine and malnutrition: A narrative review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care [Internet]. 2023;12(9):1808–13. Available from: http://www.jfmpc.com/article.asp?issn=2249-4863;year=2017;volume=6;issue=1;spage=169;epage=170;aulast=Faizi
Makatita H, Soumokil Y, Tukiman S. Hubungan Peran Kader Dengan Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar Pada Bayi Usia 9 – 12 Bulan Di Posyandu Desa Wakasihu. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan dan Gizi. 2024;2(1):96–106.
Arpen RS, Afnas NH. Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pemberian Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap Pada Bayi. Maternal Child Health Care. 2023;5(1):795–907.
Ratnaningsih T, Prisusanti RD. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pemberian Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap Pada Bayi Usia 12-23 Di Kelurahan Tlogowaru Kota Malang. Health Care Media. 2020;4(2):70–3.
Sari K, Sartika RAD. The Impact of Iron Supplementation During Pregnancy and Change of Consumption among Stunting Children Aged 6‑24 Months During the COVID‑19 Pandemic in Indonesia. International Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2017;14(18):1–7.
Elisaria E, Mrema J, Bogale T, Segafredo G, Festo C. Effectiveness of integrated nutrition interventions on childhood stunting: a quasi-experimental evaluation design. BMC Nutrient. 2021;7(17):1–8.
Montol AB, Momongan NR, Singa DA. Frekuensi Pemeriksaan Antenatal Care, Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Fe dan Kenaikan Berat Badan Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Usia 2-3 tahun di Puskesmas Bilalang Kota Mobagu. e - Pros semsas Dies Natalis 21 Poltekes Kemenkes Manad [Internet]. 2022;1(2):113–27. Available from: http://repository.poltekkes-manado.ac.id/id/eprint/976
Aji AS, Yusrawati Y, Malik SG, Lipoeto NI. Prevalence of anemia and factors associated with pregnant women in West Sumatra, Indonesia: Findings from VDPM Cohort Study. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal Nutrition Dietetic) [Internet]. 2020;7(3):97–106. Available from: http://repository.poltekkes-manado.ac.id/id/eprint/976
Carolina HS, Liliawati W, Sriyati S. Kajian Etnosains pada Kuliner Khas Lampung Seruit: Integrasi ke dalam Konsep Biologi SMA. Jurnal Biotekeknologi. 2024;12(1):1–17.
Yulnefia, Sutia M. Hubungan Riwayat Penyakit Infeksi Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 24-36 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tambang Kabupaten Kampar. Jambi Medicine Journal. 2022;10(1):154–63.
Patel HH. Water-Borne Diseases [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Jul 2]. Available from: https://www.news-medical.net/health/Water-Borne-Diseases.aspx
Erlyn P, Hidayat B, Fatoni A, Saksono H. Nutritional Interventions by Local Governments as an Effort to Accelerate Stunting Reduction. Jurnal Bina Praja. 2021;13(3):543–53.
Yogaswara D, Mulyani S, Yuni S, Maulida. Health Insurance And Family Income Stunting Toddlers in Sukamulya Village, Singaparna District, Tasikmalaya Regency in 2021 Dadan. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2021;6(3):2021.
Zalukhu A, Mariyona K, Andriyani L. Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Balita (0-59) Bulan Di Nagari Balingka Kecamatan Iv Koto Kabupaten Agam Tahun 2021. Jurnal Ners Universitas Pahlawan [Internet]. 2022;6(1):52–60. Available from: http://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/ners/article/view/3867
Paramasatya A, Wulandari RA. Korelasi Akses Sanitasi Dan Akses Air Minum Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kabupaten Serang Tahun 2022. Jambura Journal of Health Sciences and Research. 2023;5(2):695–706.
Sugianti E, Putri BD. Pengaruh Intervensi Gizi Sensitif terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 6-24 Bulan selama Pandemi Covid-19. Amerta Nutrition. 2022;6(1SP):184–93.
Astuti YR. Pengaruh Sanitasi dan Air Minum Terhadap Stunting di Papua dan Papua Barat. Poltekita Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan. 2022;16(3):261–7.
Jamalludin M, Trisnawati E, Widiyastutik O, Saleh I. Perilaku Buang Air Besar Sembarangan Dan Sanitasi Air Sebagai Faktor Risiko Stunting. Jurnal Borneo Akcaka. 2023;9(2):165–75.
Manalu LO, Indriyani RO, Somantri B. Gambaran Sanitasi Lingkungan Pada Balita Stunting Usia 24-59 Bulan di Kelurahan Kopo UPT Puskesmas Citarip Wilayah Bojongloa Kaler Tahun 2021. Jurnal Kesehatan Rajawali. 2023;12(2):18–20.
Rahayu A, Yulidasari F, Putri AO, Anggraini L. Study Guide-Stunting dan Upaya Pencegahannya [Internet]. Buku stunting dan upaya pencegahannya. Yogyakarta: CV. Mine; 2018. 1–88 p. Available from: https://prosiding.respati.ac.id/index.php/PSN/article/viewFile/320/312
Suratri MAL, Putro G, Rachmat B, Nurhayati, Ristrini, Pracoyo NE, et al. Risk Factors for Stunting among Children under Five Years in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023;20(2):1–13.
Ashar H, Laksono AD, Supadmi S, Kusumawardani HD, Yunitawati D, Purwoko S, et al. Factors related to stunting in children under 2 years old in the Papua, Indonesia Does the type of residence matter? Saudi Medicine Journal. 2024;45(3):273–8.
Siramaneerat I, Astutik E, Agushybana F, Bhumkittipich P, Lamprom W. Examining determinants of stunting in Urban and Rural Indonesian: a multilevel analysis using the population-based Indonesian family life survey (IFLS). BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):1–14.
Maria I, Nurjannah, Mudatsir, Bakhtiar, Usman S. Analisis Determinan Stunting Menurut Wilayah Geografi Di Indonesia Tahun 2018. Majalah Kesehatan. 2020;7(4):239–50.
Kemendes PDTT. Buku saku desa dalam penanganan stunting. Kemendes PDTT. Jakarta; 2017. 1–35 p.
Harlina H, Hidayanty H, Nur MI. Studi Fakor Resiko Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Di Wilayah Dataran Tinggi Dan Dataran Rendah. Jurnal Ilmiak Kesehatan Sandi Husada. 2021;10(2):501–10.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2024.12(5).%25p
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics (IJND) indexed by:
View My Stats