Correlation of menopausal status, nutritional status, and uric acid level in Indonesian women
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Bertambahnya usia dapat menyebabkan perubahan kondisi fisiologis dan psikologis, salah satunya adalah peningkatan kadar asam urat dalam darah atau yang biasa disebut dengan hiperurisemia. Kadar asam urat yang tinggi dalam darah jika tidak ditanggulangi dan dibiarkan dalam rentang waktu yang lama dapat menyebabkan terjadinya berbagai penyakit tidak menular seperti penyakit ginjal kronis, kerusakan sendi dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Prevalensi kejadian hiperurisemia di Indonesia pada tahun 2015 sebesar 18%. Penelitian terkait status menopause dan status gizi pada wanita usia 15-54 tahun di Indonesia masih belum banyak diteliti dengan mengambil beberapa provinsi untuk dijadikan sampel.
Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara status menopause dan status gizi dengan kadar asam urat pada wanita usia 15-54 tahun di Indonesia.
Metode: Desain pada penelitian ini yaitu cross sectional dengan subjek wanita berusia 15-54 tahun pada 10 provinsi di Indonesia dengan total jumlah responden sebanyak 606 responden. Teknik sampling untuk penentuan provinsi dan kota menggunakan purposive sampling dan penentuan kecamatan atau kelurahan menggunakan random sampling. Kadar asam urat diperoleh dari pengukuran darah kapiler dan status gizi diperoleh dari pengukuran antropometri yang dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan terampil. Status menopause diperoleh dari wawancara oleh enumerator terlatih yang menanyakan terkait riwayat menstruasi dalam satu tahun. Pengelompokkan status menopause dibagi menjadi belum menopause, pra menopause dan menopause.
Hasil: Sebanyak 42,9% dari total responden mangalami obesitas, sebagian besar berada pada kelompok usia 41-54 tahun. Subjek yang menderita hiperurisemia sebanyak 21.1% dan yang telah memasuki masa menopause dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 11.4%. Adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara status menopause dengan kadar asam urat (p=0,031) dan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dengan kadar asam urat (p<0,001;r=0,193).
Kesimpulan: Kadar asam urat pada wanita yang obesitas dan menopause cenderung akan meningkat jika dibandingkan dengan wanita yang berstatus gizi normal dan belum menopause.
KATA KUNCI: hiperurisemia; kadar asam urat; status gizi; status menopause; wanita
ABSTRACT
Background: Increasing age can cause changes in physiological and psychological conditions, one of which is an increase in uric acid levels in the blood, commonly referred to as hyperuricemia. High uric acid levels in the blood, if not addressed and left for a long time, can lead to various non-communicable diseases such as chronic kidney disease, joint damage, and cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in Indonesia in 2015 was 18%. Research related to menopausal status and nutritional status in women aged 15-54 years in Indonesia has not been widely studied by taking several provinces as samples.
Objectives: To analyze the relationship between menopausal status and nutritional status with uric acid levels in women aged 15-54 years in Indonesia.
Methods: The design of this study was cross-sectional, with female subjects aged 15-54 years in 10 provinces in Indonesia and a total number of 606 respondents. Sampling techniques for determining provinces and cities using purposive sampling and determining sub-districts or villages using random sampling. Uric acid levels were obtained from capillary blood measurements, and nutritional status was obtained from anthropometric measurements conducted by skilled health workers. Menopausal status was obtained from interviews by trained enumerators who asked about menstrual history in one year. The classification of menopausal status was divided into not yet menopausal, pre-menopausal, and menopausal.
Results: A total of 42.9% of the total respondents were obese, mostly in the age group of 41-54 years. Subjects who suffered from hyperuricemia were 21.1%, and those who had entered menopause in this study were 11.4%. There is a significant relationship between menopausal status and uric acid levels (p=0.031), and there is a significant relationship between nutritional status and uric acid levels (p<0.001; r=0.193).
Conclusion: Uric acid levels in obese and menopausal women tend to increase when compared to women with normal nutritional status and not yet menopausal.
KEYWORDS: hyperuricemia; menopausal status; nutritional status; uric acid levels; women
Received: August 26, 2024; Revised: June 10 2024; Accepted: Nov 20, 2024; Available online: Nov 30, 2024; Published: Nov 30, 2024.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Arisman. Gizi dalam Daur Kehidupan. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran; 2007.
Fatmah. Gizi Usia Lanjut. Jakarta: Erlangga; 2010.
Sutanto T. Asam Urat : Deteksi, Pencegahan, Pengobatan. Yogyakarta: Buku Pintar; 2013.
Misnadiarly. Mengenal Penyakit Arthritis. Jakarta: Puslitbang Biomedis dan Farmasi Badan Litbangkes; 2008.
Li Y, Chen S, Shao X, Guo J, Liu X, Liu A, Zou H. et al. Association of Uric Acid with Metabolic Syndrome in Men, Premenopausal Women and Postmenopausal Women. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2013;11(3):2899-2910. Available from : https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110302899
Jaliana J, Suhadi S, Sety L. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Asam Urat pada Usia 20-44 tahun di RSUD Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara tahun 2017. Jimkesmas; 2018;3:1-13.
Smith E, March L. Global Prevalence of Hyperuricemia: a systematic review of population-based epidemiological studies. In: Arthritis & Rheumatology; 2015. Available from : https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/global-prevalence-of-hyperuricemia-a-systematic-review-of-population-based-epidemiological-studies/
Syarifah A. Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Budaya dengan Kadar Asam Urat pada Lansia. Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal; 2018;8(2):92–8.
Jiang L, Mo D, Yang R, Ye Q, Wu J, Yu G, et al. Joint effects of serum uric acid and body mass index on risk of prehypertension in Chinese population. Clinica Chimica Acta; 2015;446:1–5. Available from : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2015.03.040
Anggraeni. Asuhan Gizi ; Nutritional Care Process. 1st ed. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu; 2012.
Calamusa G, Amodio E, Costantino C, Di Pasquale M, Gelsomino V, Morici M, et al. Body Mass Index and Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity: a Crosssectional Study of Adult Subjects Living in a Small City of Western Sicily (Italy). Italian Journal of Public Health; 2012;9(3). Available from : https://doi.org/10.2427/7539
Hamed M, Haddad SH, Al Quobili F. Serum Uric Acid and Leptin Levels in Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res; 2013;20(1):21–7.
BPS. Sensus Penduduk tahun 2020. [Internet]. 2020 [diakses 1 Juli 2023]. Available from: https//www bps.go.id
Cheung AM, Chaudhry R, Kapral M, Jackevicius C, Robinson G. Perimenopausal and postmenopausal health. BMC Womens Health; 2004;4(1):1–14. Available from : https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-4-S1-S23
Gibson RS. Principles of nutritional assessment. USA: Oxford University Press; 2005.
Supariasa IDN, Bakri B, Fajar I. Penilaian status gizi. Jakarta: EGC; 2002.
Nan H. Serum Uric Acid and Metabolic Risk Factors in Three Ethnic Groups: Asian Indians and Creoles in Mauritius and Chinese in Qingdao, China; 2008. Available from : https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2007.0028
Murray. R. Biokimia Harper. 25th ed. Jakarta: Penerbit EGC; 2005.
Karuniawati B. Hubungan Usia Dengan Kadar Asam Urat Pada Wanita Dewasa. Jurnal Kesehatan Madani Med; 2018;9(2):19–22.
Lin G-M, Li Y-H, Zheng N-C, Lai C-P, Lin C-L, Wang J-H, et al. Serum Uric Acid As An Independent Predictor Of Mortality In High-Risk Patients With Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: a Prospective Observational Cohort Study from the ET-CHD registry, 1997–2003. Journal of Cardiology; 2013;61(2):122–7. Available from : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.09.004
Saag KG, Choi H. Epidemiology, risk factors, and lifestyle modifications for gout. Arthritis Research and Therapy; 2006;8(1):1–7.
Maksimov SA, Shalnova SA, Muromceva GA, Kapustina A V, Imaeva AE, Evstifeeva SE, et al. Menopause and Hyperuricemia in Women in the Russian Population (Results of the ESSE-RF Study). Analysis of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; 2021;76(5):449–57.
De Oliveira EP, Moreto F, Silveira LV de A, Burini RC. Dietary, Anthropometric, and Biochemical Determinants of Uric Acid in Free-Living Adults. Nutrion Journal; 2013;12(1):1–10. Available from : https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-12-11
Mumford SL, Dasharathy SS, Pollack AZ, Perkins NJ, Mattison DR, Cole SR, et al. Serum Uric Acid in Relation to Endogenous Reproductive Hormones During the Menstrual Cycle: BioCycle study. Human Reproduction; 2013;28(7):1853–62. Available from : https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/det085
Fang J, Alderman MH. Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality: the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study, 1971-1992. Jama; 2000;283(18):2404–10. Available from : https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.18.2404
Ogura T, Matsuura K, Matsumoto Y, Mimura Y, Kishida M, Otsuka F, et al. Recent Trends of Hyperuricemia and Obesity in Japanese Male Adolescents, 1991 through 2002. Metabolism; 2004;53(4):448–53. Available from : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2003.11.017
Shiraishi H, Une H. The Effect of the Interaction between Obesity and Drinking on Hyperuricemia in Japanese Male Office Workers. Journal of Epidemiology; 2009;19(1):12–6. Available from : https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.je20080016
Dessein P, Shipton E, Stanwix A, Joffe B, Ramokgadi J. Beneficial Effects of Weight Loss Associated with Moderate Calorie/Carbohydrate Restriction, and Increased Proportional Intake of Protein and Unsaturated Fat on Serum Urate and Lipoprotein Levels in Gout: a pilot study. Analysis of the Rheumatic Disease; 2000;59(7):539. Available from : https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.59.7.539
Hales CM. Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2017-2018. NCHS Data Brief; 2020;(360):1-8.
Islam F, Kathak RR, Sumon AH, Molla NH. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of General and Abdominal Obesity in Rural and Urban Women in Bangladesh. PLoS One; 2020;15(5):e0233754. Available from : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233754
Riyadina W, Kodim N, Madanijah S. Determinan Obesitas Pada Wanita Pasca Menopause Di Kota Bogor Tahun 2014. Gizi Indonesia; 2017;40(1):45–58.
Chopra S, Malhotra A, Ranjan P, Vikram NK, Singh N. Lifestyle-related advice in the management of obesity: a step-wise approach. Journal Education and Health Promotion; 2020;9. Available from : https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_216_20
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2024.12(6).%25p
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics (IJND) indexed by:
View My Stats