The relationship between stress, emotional eating, and nutritional status in adolescents

Sarah Mardiyah, Kartika Wandini, Parlin Dwiyana

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Background: The prevalence of overnutrition among adolescents in Indonesia has significantly increased from 7.3% in 2013 to 13.5% in 2018. Overnutrition at this age can increase the risk of obesity and other degenerative diseases in adulthood. Stress and eating behavior are two factors that might impact nutritional status in adolescents. Stress can trigger unhealthy eating behaviors, such as increased consumption of fast food, sugary foods and drinks, or even loss of appetite. Stress can also lead to emotional eating behavior, which is the urge to eat as a coping method when facing stress or negative pressure, and has been link to a higher BMI.

Objectives: This study aims to identify the relationship between stress, emotional eating, and the nutritional status of high school students at SMA 2 Cileungsi Bogor Regency.

Methods: This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was conducted in September 2023 at SMA 2 Cileungsi Bogor Regency. Data were collected using research instruments, including the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire – Shortened Version (ASQ-S) to determine stress data, the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to determine emotional eating data, anthropometric measurements to determine the nutritional status of the respondents, and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess the frequency of respondents' consumption of various foods. This study involved 262 respondents obtained using Cluster Random Sampling technique. 

Results: The results showed that most of respondents in this study had normal nutritional status, accounting for 66.0%, while 8.4% were undernourished and 25.6% were overnourished. Respondents categorized as stressed were 51.9%, while the remaining 48.1% were adaptive. It was found that 54.6% of respondents fell in to the category of emotional eating, while 45.4% did not exhibit emotional eating behaviour. Based on bivariate analysis, a significant relationship was found between stress and nutritional status (p-value=0.013). There was no significant relationship between emotional eating and nutritional status (p-value=0.647).

Conclusions: Stress has been shown to be significantly associated with nutritional status.

 

KEYWORD: Nutritional status; stress; emotional eating; adolescents


Full Text:

PDF

References


Rahmawati MN, Rohaedi S, Sumartini, S. Tingkat stres dan indikator stres pada remaja yang melakukan pernikahan dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Keperawatan Indonesia 2019;5(1): 25-33.

Merita M, Hamzah N, Djayusmantoko D. Persepsi citra tubuh, kecenderungan gangguan makan dan status gizi pada remaja putri di Kota Jambi. Journal of Nutrition College 2020;9(2): 81-6.

Badriyah L, Pijaryani I. Kebiasaan makan (eating habits) dan sedentary lifestyle dengan gizi lebih pada remaja pada saat pandemi covid-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 2022;21(1).

Purnama NLA. Perilaku makan dan status gizi remaja. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan 2020;9(2):57-62.

Karchynskaya V, Kopcakova J, Klein D, Gába A, Madarasova-Geckova A, van Dijk JP. Is bmi a valid indicator of overweight and obesity for adolescents? International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health 2020;17(13):4815.

Kemenkes. Laporan nasional riset kesehatan dasar (riskesdas) 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kemenkes; 2018.

Kemenkes. Laporan nasional riset kesehatan dasar (riskesdas) 2013. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kemenkes; 2013.

Meixner L, Cohrdes C, Schienkiewitz A. Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: results from the German KIGGS survey. BMC Public Health 2020;20(1722):1-11.

Choukem SP, Tochie JN, Sibetcheu AT. Overweight/obesity and associated cardiovascular risk factors in sub-Saharan African children and adolescents: a scoping review. International Journal Pediatri Endocrinol 2020;2020(6):1-13.

Al-Asadi JN. Perceived stress and eating habits among medical students. International Journal of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2014;4(3):81-90.

Ramadhani N, Mahmudiono T. Academic stress is associated with emotional eating behavior among adolescent. Media Gizi Indonesia 2021;16(1):38–47.

Anniko MK, Boersma K, Tillfors M. Sources of stress and worry in the development of stress-related mental health problems: A longitudinal investigation from early-to mid-adolescence. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 2019;32(2):155-67.

Roy SK, Jahan K., Alam, N. et al. Perceived stress, eating behavior, and overweight and obesity among urban adolescents. Journal of Health Population Nutrition 40, 54 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-021-00279-2

Coe-Odess, S.J., Narr, R.K., Allen, J.P. (2019). Emergent Emotions in Adolescence. In: LoBue, V., Pérez-Edgar, K., Buss, K.A. (eds) Handbook of Emotional Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17332-6_23

Khaled K, Tsofiou F, Hundley V, Helmreich R, Almilaji O. Perceived stress and diet quality in women of reproductive age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J. 2020;19:92.

Gemesi K, Holzmann SL, Kaiser B. Stress eating: an online survey of eating behaviours, comfort foods, and healthy food substitutes in German adults. BMC Public Health 2022;22(391):1-12.

Dimitratos SM, Swartz JR, Laugero KD. Pathways of parental influence on adolescent diet and obesity: a psychological stress–focused perspective. Nutrition Reviews 2022;80(7):1800-10.

Strien V, Tatjana, et al. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior. International journal of eating disorders 1986;5(2): 295-315.

Jackson S, Goossens L. Handbook of adolescent development. London: Psychology Press; 2020.

Putri RM, Rahayu W, Maemunah N. (2017). Kaitan Pendidikan, Pekerjaan Orang Tua Dengan Status Gizi Anak Pra Sekolah. Jurnal Care, 5(2), 231-245.

Putri IS, Widyatuti W. Stres dan gejala dispepsia fungsional pada remaja. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa 2019;7(2):203-214.

Langi, JR. Hubungan Stres dan Preferensi Makanan Dengan Kejadian Berat Badan Lebih Pada Remaja di SMP Negeri 3 Makassar. Universitas Hasanuddin. 2022.

Wijayanti A, Margawati A, Wijayanti HS. Hubungan stres, perilaku makan, dan asupan zat gizi dengan status gizi pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir. Journal of Nutrition College 2019;8(1):1-8.

Philips, Susan P, et al. 2019. Stress, Strengths, and Resilience in Adolescents: A Qualitative Study. The Journal of Primary Prevention 2019; 40: 631-642.

Juzailah J, Ilmi IMB. Hubungan Emotional Eating, Citra Tubuh, dan Tingkat Stres dengan IMT/U Remaja Putri di SMK Negeri 41 Jakarta Tahun 2022. Jurnal Gizi Dan Kesehatan 2022;14(2): 271-284.

Syarofi ZN, Muniroh L. Apakah perilaku dan asupan makan berlebih berkaitan dengan stress pada mahasiswa gizi yang menyusun skripsi? Media Gizi Indonesia 2020;15(1): 38–44.

Shriver LH, Dollar JM, Calkins SD. Emotional eating in adolescence: effects of emotion regulation, weight status and negative body image. Nutrients 2021;13(1):79.

Bahar F, Lestari P, Kurniasanti, P. The relationship between consumption of frozen food, sweetened soft drinks, and stress with the nutritional status of adolescents. Sport and Nutrition Journal 2023;5(2):59-69.

Park S, Sung E. You gotta have something to chew on: perceptions of stress-induced eating and weight gain among office workers in South Korea. Public health nutrition 2021;24(3):499–511.

Tajik E, Zulkefli NA, Baharom A. Contributing factors of obesity among stressed adolescents. Electronic physician 2014;6(1):771–778.

Hill DC, Moss RH, Sykes-Muskett B. Stress and eating behaviors in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite 2018;123:14-22.

Tomiyama AJ. Stress and obesity. Annual review of psychology 2019;70: 703-718.

Finch LE, Tomiyama AJ. Comfort eating, psychological stress, and depressive symptoms in young adult women. Appetite 2015;95: 239-244.

Sominsky L, Spencer SJ. Eating behavior and stress: a pathway to obesity. Frontiers in psychology 2014;5: 88770.

Sukianto RE, Marjan AQ. Hubungan tingkat stres, emotional eating, aktivitas fisik, dan persen lemak tubuh dengan status gizi pegawai Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Jakarta. Ilmu Gizi Indonesia 2020;3(2):113-22.

Rachmawati Y. Emotional eating, snacking behavior and nutritional status among adolescents. International Journal of Public Health Science 2019;8(4):413-8.

Angesti A, Manikam, R. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi mahasiswa tingkat akhir S1 Fakultas Kesehatan Universitas MH. THAMRIN. Jurnal ilmiah Kesehatan 2020;12(1).

Wijayanti A, Margawati A, Wijayanti HS. Hubungan stres, perilaku makan, dan asupan zat gizi dengan status gizi pada mahasiswa tingkat akhir. Journal of nutrition College 2019;8(1):1-8.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2024.12(4).252-261

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics (IJND) indexed by:

  


Lisensi Creative Commons View My Stats