Perilaku makan berlebih dan hubungannya dengan kegemukan pada anak prasekolah

Herni Dwi Herawati; Indria Laksmi Gamayanti; A. Fahmy Arif Tsani; I Made Alit Gunawan

doi:10.21927/ijnd.2016.4(3).161-169

Perilaku makan berlebih dan hubungannya dengan kegemukan pada anak prasekolah

Herni Dwi Herawati, Indria Laksmi Gamayanti, A. Fahmy Arif Tsani, I Made Alit Gunawan

Abstract

Backgrounds: Obese children is a serious health problem. Obesity in childhood if it’s not handled properly will cause obesity up to adolescence and adulthood. Eating behavior in children plays an important role on the prevalence of obesity.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the correlation of excessive eating behavior (overeating, enjoyment of food, desire to drink) with overweight in preschool children.

Methods: The study used case control design adjusted for age and sex. The research subjects were taken randomly from 53 early childhood schools in the city of Yogyakarta. Subjects were mothers who has preschool children aged 3-5 years. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: cases who have Z score> 2 SD (n = 101) and control have Z score -2 up to 2 SD (n = 101) were adjusted for age and gender. Behaviors of food approach were assessed using CEBQ (Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire). The nutritional status of parents was determined by using BMI (Body Mass Index). Data of birth weight and socioeconomic was obtained by interviews directly to the mother. Data were Analyzed by Mc Nemar and Conditional Logistic Regression.

Results: There was correlation enjoyment of food with overweight (p < 0.05, OR 4.33, 95% CI: 1.74-12.87). There was no correlation overeating (emotional overeating / food responsiveness) with overweight (p > 0.05, OR 0, 95% CI : 0.02 to 0.00). There was no correlation desire to drink with overweight (p > 0.05, OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.47 to 5.12). Enjoyment of food behavior is accompanied by nutritional status of obese mothers had significant association with overweight (p < 0.05, OR:3.71, 95% CI: 1.12 to 4.05).

Conclusions: Enjoyment of food behavior was risk factor of overweight in preschool children. Educator in early childhood schools hopefully can give information to parents about prevention and intervention of obesity in preschool children, which associated with food approach and obesity. Future research needs longitudinal studies to better know the causal behavior of food approach to obesity in preschool children.

KEYWORDS: excessive eating behavior, overweight, preschool children

Full Text:

PDF

References

Hadi H. Gizi lebih sebagai tantangan baru dan implikasinya terhadap kebijakan pembangunan kesehatan. J Gizi Klin Indones. 2004;1(2).

Dinkes Prov. DIY. Profil Kesehatan Provinsi D.I. Tahun 2013. Yogyakarta; 2013.

Serdula, MK, Ivery, D, Coates, RJ, Freedman DS, Williamson, DF, Byers T. Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Prev Med. 1993;22(2):167–77.

Wille N, Erhart M, Petersen C, Ravens-Sieberer U. The impact of overweight and obesity on health-related quality of life in childhood--results from an intervention study. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:421.

Biro FM, Wien M. Childhood obesity and adult morbidities. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(1):1499–505.

Spruijt-Metz D. Etiology, treatment, and prevention of obesity in childhood and adolescence: A decade in review. J Res Adolesc. 2011;21(1):129–52.

Wright, Charlotte M, Cox, Katherine Marie, Couter A Le. Symposium II: Infant and childhood nutrition and disease. How does infant behaviour relate to weight gain and adiposity? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2011. p. 485–93.

Barkeling, B., Ekman, S., Rossner S. Eating behavior in obese and normal weight 11-year-old children. Int J Obes. 1992;16:355–60.

Fisher JO, Birch LL. Eating in the absence of hunger and overweight in girls from 5 to 7 y of age. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:226–31.

Jansen A, Theunissen N, Slechten K, Nederkoorn C, Boon B, Mulkens S RA. Overweight children overeat after exposure to food cues. Eat Behav. 2003;4:197–209.

Özer S, Bozkurt H, Sönmezgöz E, Bilge S, Yılmaz R, Demir O. evaluation of eating behaviour in obese children. J Child. 2015;14(2):66–71.

Sleddens EFC, Kremers SPJ, Thijs C. The children’s eating behaviour questionnaire: factorial validity and association with Body Mass Index in Dutch children aged 6-7. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008;5(49):1–9.

Viana V, Sinde S, Saxton JC. children’s eating behaviour questionnaire: associations with BMI in Portuguese children. Br J Nutr. 2008;100:445–50.

Webber L, Hill C, Saxton J, Jaarsveld CHM Van, Wardle J. Eating behaviour and weight in children. Int J Obes. 2009;33(1):21–8.

Eloranta AM, Lindi V, Schwab U, Tompuri T, Kiiskinen S, Lakka HM, et al. Dietary factors associated with overweight and body adiposity in Finnish children aged 6–8 years: the PANIC Study. Int J Obes. Nature Publishing Group; 2012;36(7):950–5.

Svensson V, Lundborg L, Cao Y, Nowicka P, Marcus C, Sobko T. Obesity related eating behaviour patterns in Swedish preschool children and association with age, gender, relative weight and parental weight - factorial validation of the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:134.

Birch, LL, Ventura A. Preventing childhood obesity: what works? Int J Obes. 2009;33:S74–81.

Nakao, H, Aoyama, H, Suzuki T. Development of eating behavior and its relation to physical growth in normal weight preschool children. Appetite. 1990;14:45–7.

Lobstein, T, Baur, L, Uauy R. Obesity in children and young people: A crisis in public health. Obes Rev. 2004;5:4–85.

Sastroasmoro, S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar penelitian metodologi klinis. 5th ed. Jakarta: Penerbit Sagung Seto; 2014.

Gibson RS. Principles of nutritional assessment. New York: Oxford university Press; 2005.

Lake JK, Power C, Cole TJ. Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: associations with parental obesity. Arch Dis Child. 1997;77(5):376–81.

Wardle J, Guthrie C, Sanderson S, Rapoport L. Development of the children’s eating behaviour questionnaire. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001;42(7):963–70.

Harris G. Development of taste and food preferences in children. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008;11(3):315–9.

Ashcroft J, Semmler C, Carnell S, van Jaarsveld CHM, Wardle J. Continuity and stability of eating behaviour traits in children. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62(8):985–90.

Fisher JO, Birch LL. Restricting access to palatable foods affects children’s behavioral response , food selection , and intake 1 – 3. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999;1264–72.

Gregory JE, Paxton SJ, Brozovic AM. Maternal feeding practices, child eating behaviour and body mass index in preschool-aged children: a prospective analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010;7(55):55–65.

Jansen PW, Roza SJ, Jaddoe VW, Mackenbach JD, Raat H, Hofman A, et al. Children’s eating behavior, feeding practices of parents and weight problems in early childhood: results from the population-based Generation R Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity; 2012;9(1):130.

Savage JS, Fisher JO, Birch LL. Parental influence on eating behavior. NIH Public Access. 2008;35(1):22–34.

Faith MS, Scanlon KS, Birch LL, Francis L a, Sherry B. Parent-child feeding strategies and their relationships to child eating and weight status. Obes Res. 2004;12:1711–22.

Scaglioni S, Arrizza C, Vecchi F, Tedeschi S. Determinants of children’s eating behavior. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94:S2006–11.

Spence JS, Carson V, Casey L BN. Examining behavioural susceptibility to obesity among Canadian pre-school children: the role of eating behaviours. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2011;6(2-2):e501–7.

Dubois, Lise, Farmer, Anna, Girard, Manon, Peterson K. Regular sugar-sweetened beverage consumption between meals increases risk of overweight among preschool-aged children. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;107(6):924–34.

He FJ, Marrero NM, Macgregor GA. Salt intake , hypertension and obesity in children salt intake is related to soft drink consumption in children and adolescents a link to obesity ? hypertension. 2008;51:629–34.

Birch LL. Child feeding practices and the etiology of obesity. Changes. 2012;29(3):997–1003.

Fisher, Jennifer O. & Birch LL. Parents’ restrictive feeding practices are associated with young girls' negative self-evaluation of eating. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000;29(11):997–1003.

Joyce JL, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ. Parent feeding restriction and child weight. The mediating role of child disinhibited eating and the moderating role of the parenting context. Appetite. 2009;52:726–34.

Stang J, Loth KA. Parenting style and child feeding practices: potential mitigating factors in the etiology of childhood obesity. J Am Diet Assoc. Elsevier Inc.; 2011;111(9):1301–5.

Dev DA, McBride BA, Fiese BH, Jones BL, Cho H. Risk factors for overweight/obesity in preschool children: an ecological approach. Child Obes. 2013;9(5):399–408.

Ogden, Jane, Reynolds, Rebecca, Smith A. Expanding the concept of parental control: A role for overt and covert control in children’s snacking behaviour? Appetite. 2006;47(1):100–6.

Joyce JL, Zimmer-gembeck MJ. Parent feeding restriction and child weight . The mediating role of child disinhibited eating and the moderating role of the parenting context. 2009;52:726–34.

Lori A. Francis, Scott M. Hofer LLB. Predictors of maternal child-feeding style: maternal and child characteristics. Appetite. 2001;37(3):231–43.

Fisher, Jennifer O., Mitchell, Diane C., Smiciklas-Wright, Helen, Birch LL. Parental influences on young girls’ fruit and vegetable, micronutrinet, and fat inatke. J Am Diet Assoc. 2012;29(1):997–1003.

Prasetyaningrum YI. Home food environment sebagai faktor risiko kegemukan pada anak prasekolah di Kota Yogyakarta. Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2016.

Schrempft S, Jaarsveld CHM Van, Fisher A, Wardle J. The obesogenic quality of the home environment : Associations with diet , physical activity , TV Viewing , and BMI in preschool. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):1–17.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2016.4(3).161-169