Effect of GANIME form and it’s efficacy on BMI and albumin levels in rats with energy-protein deficiency

Dandi Sanjaya, Dono Indarto, Ida Nurwati, Ade Chandra Iwansyah

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Background: The prevalence of Protein Energy Deficiency (PED) has increased over the past decade. Inadequate food intake and infectious diseases are the primary causes of PED. Clinical management of toddlers with PED often involves costly commercial foods. Ganyong, catfish, and red beans as local food ingredients with high nutritional content have the potential to be additional food for children with PED.

Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of GANIME formula form and it’s efficacy on body mass index (BMI) and albumin levels in the rats model with PED.

Methods: The study consisted of two phases: analyzing the proximate content of GANIME and conducting in vivo research using ten male Wistar rats aged 3 weeks (50-100 grams). The rats were randomly divided into two groups, G1 (GANIME pellets) and G2 (GANIME porridge), and were observed for 14 days. Body weight (BW), BMI, and albumin were measured before and after treatment. Paired t-tests were conducted to compare pre-and post-treatment results, while inter-group differences were assessed using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests.

Results: The results showed that the optimal GANIME formula was identified at P3, with the highest protein and energy  content. The G1 group of rats experienced a greater increase in body weight and BMI than the G2 group of rats but the increase was not significant (p > 0.05). Each group did not differ statistically significantly (0.644). Albumin in each group experienced a non-significant decrease (p > 0.05) and the two were not statistically different (0.690).

Conclusions: Administering the GANIME formula in pellet form exhibited superior efficacy because it’s consumed more so it can increase body weight and BMI, and produce a lower decrease in albumin levels in rats model with PED.

 

KEYWORD: protein-energy deficiency (PED), albumin, body mass index (BMI), local food, GANIME formula


Keywords


(kekurangan energi protein (KEP); albumin; indeks massa tubuh (IMT); makanan lokal; formula GANIME)

References


IHME. Explore Result From The 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study [Internet]. University Of Washington. 2022 [cited 2022 Aug 18]. p. 1. Available from: https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/

Scholes G. Protein-Energy Malnutrition In Older Australians: A narrative Review Of The Prevalence, Causes And Consequences Of Malnutrition, And Strategies for Prevention. Heal Promot J Aust. 2022 Jan 1;33(1):187–93. doi: 10.1002/hpja.489.

Kemenkes RI. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018 [Internet]. Tim Penyusun Riskesdas 2018, editor. Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan; 2018. 198 p. Available from: http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf

Septiawati D, Indriani Y, Zuraida R. Tingkat Konsumsi Energi dan Protein dengan Status Gizi Balita. J Ilm Kesehat Sandi Husada. 2021 Dec 31;10(2):598–604. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v10i2.660

Fitriyanto RE, Mahfudz S. Management of Severe Malnutrition of Under Five Years Old Patients in RSUD Wonosari. AJIE-Asian J Innov Entrep. 2020 Jan;05(01):20–6.

Keller U. Nutritional Laboratory Markers In Malnutrition. J Clin Med. 2019;8(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060775

Wolfensohn S, Lloyd M. Handbook Of Laboratory Animal Management and Welfare, 4th Edition [Internet]. 4th ed. Road G, editor. Vol. 4. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2013 [cited 2023 Jan 22]. 180–184 p. Available from: https://vetbooks.ir/?s=Handbook+Of+Laboratory+Animal+Management+and+Welfare%2C+4th+Edition

Sheinenzon A, Shehadeh M, Michelis R, Shaoul E, Ronen O. Serum Albumin Levels And Inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Aug 1;184:857–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.140

Rizo-Téllez SA, Méndez-García LA, Rivera-Rugeles AC, Miranda-García M, Manjarrez-Reyna AN, Viurcos-Sanabria R, et al. The Combined Use Of Cytokine Serum Values With Laboratory Parameters Improves Mortality Prediction Of COVID-19 Patients: The Interleukin 15 To Albumin Ratio. Microorganisms. 2021 Oct 1;9(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102159

Bhutta ZA, Berkley JA, Bandsma RHJ, Kerac M, Trehan I, Briend A. Severe Childhood Malnutrition. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2017;3(1):1–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1082

Dipasquale V, Cucinotta U, Romano C. Acute Malnutrition In Children: Pathophysiology, Clinical Effects And Treatment. Nutrients. 2020 Aug 1;12(8):1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082413

Cederholm T, Bosaeus I, Barazzoni R, Bauer J, Van Gossum A, Klek S, et al. Diagnostic Criteria for malnutrition - An ESPEN Consensus Statement. Clin Nutr. 2015 Jun 1;34(3):335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.03.001

Kemenkes RI. Pencegahan dan Tata Laksana Gizi Buruk Pada Balita di Layanan Rawat Jalan. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2020. 65–99 p.

Hastuti W, Par’i H., Utami S. Intervensi Gizi Spesifik dengan Pendampingan Gizi terhadap Status Gizi Balita di Kabupaten Bandung Provinsi Jawa Barat. J Ris Kesehat [Internet]. 2017;9(1):1–14. Available from: https://juriskes.com/index.php/jrk/article/view/58

Irwan, T M, Kadir S, Amalia L. Efektivitas Pemberian PMT Modif Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Terhadap Peningkatan Status Gizi Balita Gizi Kurang dan Stunting. J Heal Sci ; Gorontalo J Heal Sci Community. 2020 Oct;4(2):59–67. https://doi.org/10.35971/gojhes.v4i2.7742

Direktorat Gizi Masyarakat. Tabel Komposisi Pangan Indonesia 2017. 3rd ed. Izwardy D, editor. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2018. 15 p.

Axelius B, Kumara INS, Ariastina WG. Review Ragam Jenis Kapal Perikanan Indonesia. J SPEKTRUM. 2022;9(3):84–93. https://doi.org/10.24843/SPEKTRUM.2022.v09.i03.p10

Roziana, Fitriani, Marlina Y. Pengaruh Pemberian Mi Basah Ikan Patin Terhadap Intake Energi, Protein dan Berat Badan Siswa SD Di Pekanbaru. J Nutr Coll. 2020 Nov 14;9(4):285–9. https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v9i4.28785

Rozaki Z, Wijaya O, Wardana CK. Agriculture Developement Based On Regional Potency In Kulonprogro Regency. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021;683(1):1–6. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/683/1/012091

Wuri R, Rosdianto AM, Goenawan H. Kajian Pustaka : Pemanfaatan Tikus Sebagai Hewan Model Trauma Tumpul (Kontusia). Indones Med Veterinus. 2021;10(2):338–54. DOI: 10.19087/imv.2021.10.2.338

Charan J, Kantharia N. How to calculate sample size in animal studies? J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013 Oct;4(4):303–6. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.119726.

Agustina M. Pengaruh Pemberian Diet Berbasis Mocaf Terhadap Total Protein dan Albumin Serum Pada Model Tikus Kurang Gizi. [Bogor]: IPB University; 2020.

Ningrum AD, Suhartatik N, Kurniawati L. Karakteristik Biskuit Dengan Substitusi Tepung Ikan Patin (Pangasius sp) dan Penambahan Ekstrak Jahe Gajah (Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe). J Teknol dan Ind Pagan. 2017 May 9;2(1):53–60. https://doi.org/10.33061/jitipari.v2i1.1536

Lee S-I, Kim J-W, Lee Y-K, Yang S-H, Lee I-A, Suh J-W, et al. Anti-obesity Effect of Monascus pilosus Mycelial Extract In High Fat Diet-induced Obese Rats. J Appl Biol Chem. 2011;54(3):197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2011.033

Afina HN, Maryanto S. The Effect of Modisco III by Adding Soybean to Albumin Levels in Low Protein Energy Rats. JGK [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Dec 25];12(1):11–8. Available from: http://jurnalgizi.unw.ac.id/index.php/JGK/article/view/76. https://doi.org/10.35473/jgk.v12i1.76

Luthfiyanti R, Ekafitri R, Desnilasari D. Pengaruh Perbandingan Tepung dan Pure Pisang Nangka pada Proses Pembuatan Food Bars Berbasis Pisang sebagai Pangan Darurat. Pros SNaPP2011 Sains, Teknol dan Kesehat. 2011;239–46.

Harjatmo TP, Par’i HM, Wiyono S. Penilaian Status Gizi. 1st ed. Vol. 1. Jakarta: PUSDIKLATNASKES-BPPSDM ; 2017. 1–309 p.

Sanjaya D, Indarto D, Nurwati I. The Comparative Effect Between Pellets And Porridge Made From Local Ingredients On Body Weigh Of Rats With Protein-Energy Deficiency. Proc Int Conf Nurs Heal Sci [Internet]. 2023;4(1):303–10. Available from: https://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/PICNHS/article/view/1819. https://doi.org/10.37287/picnhs.v4i1

Badan Standarisasi Nasional. Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu (MP-ASI) - Bagian 1 : Bubur Instan. Badan Standardisasi Nasional, SNI 01-7111.1-2005 Indonesia; 2005 p. 1–14.

Kemenkes RI. Petunjuk Teknis Pemberian Makanan Tambahan. 1st ed. Izwardy D, editor. Vol. 1, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2018. 9–10 p.

Khikmah N, Muflihati I, Affandi AR, Nurdyansyah F. Sifat Fisik Pati Ganyong Hasil Modifikasi Cross Linking Menggunakan Natrium Asetat. Metana Media Komun Rekayasa Proses dan Teknol Tepat Guna . 2021 Jun;17(1):35–40. DOI : 10.14710/metana.v17i1.38851

Adi AAAM, Sine JLG, Loaloka MS, Boro RM. Pengaruh Tepung Komposit Ubi Jalar Kuning, Kacang Turi dan Kulit Buah Naga Merah Terhadap Kandungan Gizi dan Daya Terima Flake. J Ilm Multidisiplin. 2022;1(12):4200–5.

Wijaya YR, Santoso K, Isdoni, Supiyani A. Respon Aktivitas Tikus Wistar Jantan Akibat Kondisi Diet Tinggi Sukrosa Diukur Menggunakan Perekam Aktivitas. Biol UNJ Press. 2016;12(2):35–42. https://doi.org/10.21009/Bioma12(2).5

Devignes CS, Carmeliet G, Stegen S. Amino Acid Metabolism In Skeletal Cells. Bone Reports [Internet]. 2022;17:1–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101620

Platikanova M, Yordanova A, Hristova P. Dependence Of Body Mass Index On Some Dietary Habits: An Application Of Classification And Regression Tree. Iran J Public Health. 2022;51(6):1283–94. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v51i6.9672.

Mitchell EA, Stewart AW, Braithwaite I, Murphy R, Hancox RJ, Wall C, et al. Factors Associated With Body Mass Index In Children And Adolescents: An International Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196221 May

Merthayasa JD, Jayanti PD, Indarjulianto S, Permana RH, Destinanda NL, Wijayanti DA. Pengaruh Pemberian Serum Albumin Manusia terhadap Kadar Albumin dalam Darah pada Anjing dengan status Hipoalbuminemia. J Sain Vet. 2019;37(1):34–40. DOI : 10.22146/jsv.34037

Allen B, Saunders J. Malnutrition And Undernutrition: Causes, Consequences, Assessment And Management. Med (United Kingdom) [Internet]. 2023;51(7):461–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2023.04.004

Pratiwi YF, Sulchan M, Afifah DN, Rauf R. Amino Acids in Enteral Formula Based on Local Fermented food for Children with Protein Energy Malnutrition. Potravin Slovak J Food Sci. 2021;15(2021):254–61. https://doi.org/10.5219/1480

Sukria HA, Nugraha H, Jayanegara A. Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel Jagung dan Diameter Die Ransum Bentuk Pelet pada Kualitas Fisik dan Performa Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus). J Ilmu Pertan Indonesia. 2020;25(2):178–84.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2024.12(3).%25p

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics (IJND) indexed by:

  


Lisensi Creative Commons View My Stats