Konseling gizi mempengaruhi kualitas diet pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di RSUP Dr.Sardjito Yogyakarta

Stefania Widya S; Luthfan Budi P; Martalena Br Purba

doi:10.21927/ijnd.2015.3(1).31-40

Konseling gizi mempengaruhi kualitas diet pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di RSUP Dr.Sardjito Yogyakarta

Stefania Widya S, Luthfan Budi P, Martalena Br Purba

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: One key factor in diabetes mellitus management is improvement of diet quality. Nutrition counseling is one of medical nutritional therapy that is given to improve dietary pattern and lifestyle in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To assess the effect of both individual and group counseling to improve diet quality in patient with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This research used quasi-experiment method with non-randomized control group pretest-posttest design. The diet qualities of 54 respondens with diabetes mellitus were explored using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) before converted to diet quality score using healthy eating index (HEI) standard scores. Intervention group were given individual nutrition counseling, then they were formed into a group consists of 2-5 subjects per group to make focus group discussion. Intervention group were monitored via telephone or sms every week. In fourth week, the diet quality of both control and intervention group will be re-evaluated.

Results: Proportion of subjects that have adequate diet quality improved in intervention group (p=0.0235) after receiving individual and group counseling. In the other hand, diet quality in control group tended to decrease (p=0.0339) in the end of the research. The effectiveness of nutrition counseling in improving
HEI scores was 73%.

Conclusions: The combination of individual and group counseling could improve diet quality in patient with diabetes mellitus.

KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, diet quality, nutrition counseling

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Salah satu faktor kunci dalam penatalaksanaan penyakit diabetes mellitus adalah perbaikan kualitas diet. Konseling gizi merupakan salah satu upaya terapi gizi medis yang diberikan untuk memperbaiki pola makan dan gaya hidup pasien diabetes mellitus.

Tujuan: Menguji efek konseling gizi individu dan kelompok untuk memperbaiki kualitas diet pada pasien diabetes mellitus.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan non-randomized control group pretest-posttest. Kualitas diet 54 responden yang mengalami diabetes mellitus akan digali menggunakan semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) sebelum dikonversikan menjadi skor kualitas diet berdasarkan standar perhitungan skor healthy eating index (HEI). Kelompok perlakuan kemudian akan diberi konseling gizi secara individu. Kemudian pasien dibentuk menjadi kelompok kelompok kecil yang terdiri dari 2 hingga 5 orang untuk melakukan diskusi kelompok terarah. Setiap
minggu pasien akan diingatkan tentang dietnya melalui telepon atau pesan singkat. Pada minggu keempat, kualitas diet pasien kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan akan kembali dievaluasi.

Hasil: Proporsi subjek yang memiliki kualitas diet baik meningkat pada kelompok perlakuan sesudah menerima intervensi berupa konseling gizi individu dan kelompok, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol cenderung mengalami penurunan di akhir penelitian. Tingkat keberhasilan konseling gizi dalam
meningkatkan skor HEI sebesar 73%.

Kesimpulan: Gabungan konseling gizi secara individu dan kelompok dapat meningkatkan kualitas diet pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2.

KATA KUNCI: diabetes mellitus, kualitas diet, konseling gizi

Keywords

diabetes mellitus;diet quality;nutrition counseling;kualitas diet;konseling gizi

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2015.3(1).31-40