Faktor sosiodemografi dan tinggi badan orang tua serta hubungannya dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 6-23 bulan

Nur Afia Amin; Madarina Julia

doi:10.21927/ijnd.2014.2(3).170-177

Faktor sosiodemografi dan tinggi badan orang tua serta hubungannya dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 6-23 bulan

Nur Afia Amin, Madarina Julia

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Stunting is linear growth disturbance indicated by the value of the z-score of TB/U less than -2 SD. There are various factors associated with the incidence of stunting. Social demographics such as low income, low parental education and the number of members in the household, also indirectly related to the incidence of stunting. Parental height is also associated with the incidence of stunting. Short mothers have the possibility of having short baby. The results of the study in Egypt showed that children born from mothers with the height of <150 cm have a higher risk to be stunted.

Objectives: To determine whether sociodemographic factors and parental height were risk factors for the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-23 months in Sedayu Subdistrict, Bantul, Yogyakarta.

Methods: The design used case-control study. The research was conducted in April-June 2014 in the Sedayu Subdistrict. Number of samples were 252 children aged 6-23 months. The instruments were a questionnaire to determine the identity of children, the identity of respondents, nutritional status, and sociodemographic data. Infantometer used to measure the length of the children body and microtoise to measure the height of parents. Bivariate analysis using chi-square and multivariate logistic regression test.

Results: The prevalence of children stunting was 16.20%. Bivariate test showed that the height of mothers significantly associated with the incidence of stunting. Multivariate analysis showed that the most influential factors to the was maternal height, while variables of employment, education, income, expenditure, number of family members, and height of father did not show significant results.

Conclusions: Maternal height were the risk factor for the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-23 months in Sedayu Subdistrict, but sociodemographic were not.

KEYWORDS: stunting, sociodemographic, parental height

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan linier yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai skor-z TB/U kurang dari -2SD. Terdapat berbagai macam faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Faktor sosial demografi , meliputi pendapatan yang rendah, pendidikan orang tua yang rendah, dan jumlah anggota dalam rumah tangga secara tidak langsung juga berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Tinggi badan orang tua juga berkaitan dengan kejadian stunting. Ibu yang pendek memiliki kemungkinan melahirkan bayi yang pendek pula. Hasil penelitian di Mesir menunjukkan bahwa anak yang lahir dari ibu dengan tinggi badan <150 cm memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk tumbuh menjadi stunting.

Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor sosiodemografi dan tinggi badan orang tua sebagai faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita usia 6–23 bulan di Kecamatan Sedayu, Bantul, Yogyakarta.

Metode: Desain penelitian adalah case-control. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Juni 2014 di Kecamatan Sedayu. Besar sampel yang diambil sebesar 252 balita usia 6-23 bulan. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner untuk mengetahui identitas balita, identitas responden, status gizi balita, dan data sosiodemografi. Infantometer digunakan untuk mengukur panjang badan balita dan microtoise untuk mengukur tinggi badan orang tua. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square dan multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik.

Hasil : Dalam penelitian ini diketahui prevalensi kejadian stunting di Kecamatan Sedayu sebesar 16,20%. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel bebas yaitu tinggi badan ibu (p=0,01) menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kejadian stunting. Hasil uji multivariat membuktikan bahwa variabel yang paling berpengaruh dengan stunting yaitu tinggi badan ibu. Variabel pekerjaan, pendidikan, pendapatan dan pengeluaran, jumlah anggota keluarga, dan tinggi badan ayah tidak menunjukkan hasil yang bermakna terhadap kejadian stunting.

Kesimpulan: Faktor sosioemografi bukan merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting, namun tinggi badan ibu merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita usia 6-23 bulan di Kecamatan Sedayu, Bantul,Yogyakarta.

KATA KUNCI: stunting, sosiodemografi , tinggi badan orang tua

Keywords

stunting;sociodemographic;parental height;sosiodemografi;tinggi badan orang tua

Full Text:

PDF

References

World Health Organization (WHO). Child malnutrition: children aged <5 years stunted by country. 2010.

Ramli, Agho K, Inder K, Bowe S, Jacobs J, Dibley M. Prevalence and risk factors for stunting and severe stunting among under-fives in North Maluku Province of Indonesia. Biomed Cent Pediatr. 2009;9(64):1471–2431.

Sudiman H. Stunting atau pendek : Awal perubahan patologis atau adaptasi karena perubahan sosial ekonomi yang berkepanjangan. Media Litbang Kesehat. 2008;18(1):33–42.

Gibney M, Margaretts B, Kearney J, Arab L. Pengantar gizi masyarakat. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.

Ricci J, Becker S. Risk faktor for wasting and sunting among children in Metro Cebu, Philippines. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;63:966–75.

Musthaq M, Gull, Kurshid, Shahid, Siddiqui A. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of stunting and thinness among Pakistani primary school children. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:790.

Pongou R, Ezzati M, Salomon J. Household and community socioeconomic and environmental determinants of child nutritional status in Cameroon. BMC Public Health. 2006;6(98):1471–2458.

Nashikhah R. Faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-36 bulan di Kecamatan Semarang Timur. J Nutr Coll. 2012;1(1):176– 84.

Zottarelli L, Sunil T, Rajaram S. Influence of parental and socioeconomic factors on stunting in children under 5 years in Egypt. East Mediterr Heal J. 2007;13(6):1330–42.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Hasil riset kesehatan dasar. Jakarta: Badan Litbangkes RI; 2013.

Khuwaja S, Beatrice J, Syed M. Prevalence and correlates of stunting among primary school children in Rural Areas of Southern Pakistan. J Trop Pediatr. 2005;5(2).

Biswas S, Bose K. Sex differences in the effect of birth order and parents education status on stunting : a study on Bengalee preschool

children from Eastern India. HOMO-Journal Comp Hum Biol. 2010;61:271–6.

Mulyati S. Penelitian gizi dan makanan. Bogor: Puslitbang Gizi; 1990.

Thomas D, John S, Helena M. How does mother’s education affect child height. J Hum Resour. 1991;26(2):183–211.

Webb P, Block S. Nutrition Information and Formal Schooling as Inputs to Child Nutrition Economic Development and Cultural Change.

J Nutr. 2004;52(4):801–20.

Azwar. Masalah gizi kurang pada balita dan upaya penanggulangan di Indonesia. Bogor; 2000.

Mendez M, Adair L. Severity and timing of stunting in the first two years of life affect performance on cognitive tests in late childhood. J Nutr. 1999;129:1555–62.

Chaudhury R. Determinants of dietary intake and dietary adequacy for pre-school children in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Institute of

Development Studies. 2012.

Adair L, Guilkey D. Age-specifi c determinan of stunting in Filipino children. J Nutr. 1997;127:314–20.

Dangour A, Hill H, Ismail S. Height, weight and haemoglobin status of 6 to 59 month old Kazakh children living in Kzyl-Orda region, Kazakhstan. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;6:1030–8.

Akre J. Pemberian makanan untuk bayi, dasar dasar fisiologis. Jakarta: FKM UI; 1994.

Kawai K, Donna S, Anuraj H, Shankar, Wafaie. Maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation and pregnancy outcomes in developing countries: meta-analysis and meta-regression. Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89(6):393–468.

Bonnie, Worthington R, Sue R. Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle Fourth Edition. New York: Mc. Graw Hills Higher Education; 2000.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2014.2(3).170-177