Association between fasting blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein levels among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus at primary health centers

Nur Khofipah; Effatul Afifah; Yhona Paratmanitya; Veriani Aprilia; Maznah Dahlui

doi:10.21927/ijnd.2026.14(3).255-265

Authors

Nur Khofipah Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Alma Ata, Jalan Brawijaya No. 99 Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia
Effatul Afifah Master of Public Health Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Alma Ata, Jalan Brawijaya No.99 Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia
Yhona Paratmanitya Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Alma Ata, Jalan Brawijaya No. 99 Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia
Veriani Aprilia Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Alma Ata, Jalan Brawijaya No. 99 Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia
Maznah Dahlui Department of Research and Clinical Advancement, University Malaya Medical Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 59100, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2026.14(3).255-265

Keywords:

blood glucose level, fasting blood glucose levels, Gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetes melitus gestasional, glukosa darah puasa, lipoprotein densitas tinggi, kehamilan, high-density lipoprotein, pregnancy

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus gestasional (DMG) merupakan kontributor signifikan terhadap morbiditas pada ibu dan bayi baru lahir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia, prevalensi GDM diperkirakan berkisar antara 1,9% hingga 3,6% pada tahun 2019 dan sekitar 3–5% pada tahun 2020. Namun, prevalensi sebenarnya kemungkinan lebih tinggi karena banyaknya kasus yang tidak terdiagnosis dan implementasi skrining GDM yang kurang optimal pada ibu hamil. DMG dikaitkan dengan berbagai gangguan metabolisme, termasuk dislipidemia yang ditandai dengan penurunan kadar lipoprotein densitas tinggi (HDL), yang dapat meningkatkan risiko komplikasi kehamilan.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti hubungan antara kadar glukosa darah puasa (FBG) dan kadar HDL pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Banguntapan II dan Puskesmas Sewon II.

Metode: Studi ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari program skrining diabetes melitus gestasional yang dikumpulkan antara Oktober 2019 dan April 2020. Sebanyak 47 ibu hamil yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dimasukkan dalam analisis. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Kendall’s Tau dengan tingkat signifikansi p<0,05.

Hasil: Temuan menunjukkan bahwa 63,8% responden memiliki kadar glukosa darah puasa yang tinggi, sedangkan 76,6% memiliki kadar HDL yang rendah. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara FBG dan kadar HDL (p=0,478), dengan koefisien korelasi r=0,107, yang menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat lemah antara kedua variabel tersebut.

Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara glukosa darah puasa dan kadar HDL di antara ibu hamil dalam populasi penelitian. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan ukuran sampel yang lebih besar dan area studi yang lebih luas direkomendasikan untuk memahami lebih lanjut interaksi metabolik selama kehamilan.

ABSTRACT

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant contributor to maternal and neonatal morbidity worldwide. In Indonesia, the prevalence of GDM was estimated to range from 1.9-3.6% in 2019 and approximately 3–5% in 2020. However, the actual prevalence is likely higher due to the large number of undiagnosed cases and the suboptimal implementation of GDM screening among pregnant women. GDM is associated with various metabolic disturbances, including dyslipidemia characterized by decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, which may increase the risk of pregnancy-related complications.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and HDL levels in pregnant women at Banguntapan II and Sewon II Primary Health Centers.

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data from a gestational diabetes mellitus screening program collected between October 2019 and April 2020. A total of 47 pregnant women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed. Data were analyzed using Kendall’s Tau correlation test with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results: The findings showed that 63.8% of respondents had elevated fasting blood glucose levels, while 76.6% had low HDL levels. Statistical analysis indicated no significant association between FBG and HDL levels (p=0.478), with a correlation coefficient of r=0.107, suggesting a very weak relationship.

Conclusion: There was no significant association between fasting blood glucose and HDL levels among pregnant women in the study population. Further research with a larger sample size and broader study area is recommended to understand metabolic interactions during pregnancy better.

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