Differences in postprandial blood glucose levels and satiety after consumption of local foods “nasi kuning” and “songkolo” in young adult women
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Prevalensi diabetes melitus dan obesitas terus meningkat, termasuk di Indonesia, sementara data glikemik pangan lokal masih terbatas. Respons glukosa darah postprandial dan rasa kenyang merupakan dua determinan utama regulasi metabolik yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh komposisi pangan dan metode pengolahannya. Nasi Kuning dan Songkolo merupakan pangan pokok lokal yang populer di Sulawesi Selatan namun profil glikemik dan efeknya terhadap rasa kenyang belum banyak diteliti secara ilmiah, sehingga data ini penting untuk mendukung edukasi gizi berbasis pangan lokal.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan glukosa darah postprandial dan rasa kenyang setelah konsumsi Nasi Kuning dan Songkolo pada wanita dewasa muda.
Metode: Desain penelitian adalah kuasi-eksperimental dengan perbandingan sekuensial dalam subjek pada 12 wanita sehat usia 18-22 tahun, masing-masing mengonsumsi 25 g karbohidrat tersedia dari tiap pangan uji pada dua sesi terpisah dengan jeda washout 3 hari. Glukosa darah diukur pada menit ke-0, 30, 60, dan 120, dan rasa kenyang dinilai dengan VAS empat dimensi (lapar, kenyang, keinginan makan, prospective consumption).
Hasil: Songkolo menghasilkan puncak glukosa darah yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan (141,50 ± 20,94 mg/dL) dibandingkan dengan Nasi Kuning (121,75 ± 23,42 mg/dL) pada menit ke-30 (F = 11,728, p = 0,006). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan antara pangan pada dimensi rasa kenyang di setiap titik waktu (p > 0,05), meskipun kedua pangan menunjukkan perubahan temporal yang signifikan.
Kesimpulan: Songkolo menghasilkan glukosa darah postprandial yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan Nasi Kuning, tanpa perbedaan signifikan pada rasa kenyang. Nasi kuning berpotensi menjadi pilihan karbohidrat yang lebih baik untuk pengendalian glikemik.
ABSTRACT
Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity continues to rise worldwide, including in Indonesia, while glycemic data on local foods remain limited. Postprandial blood glucose response and satiety are two key determinants of metabolic regulation that are substantially influenced by food composition and processing methods. Nasi Kuning and Songkolo are popular local staple foods in South Sulawesi, yet their glycemic and satiety profiles remain scientifically underexplored.
Objectives: This study aimed to compare postprandial blood glucose and satiety after consumption of Nasi Kuning and Songkolo in young adult women.
Methods: A quasi-experimental within-subject sequential design was employed with 12 healthy female subjects aged 18-22 years, each consuming a standardized 25 g available carbohydrate portion of each test food on two occasions separated by a 3-day washout. Blood glucose was measured at 0, 30, 60, and 120 minutes, and satiety was measured using a four-dimension Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data were analyzed using Two-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA and Friedman/Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests. Results: Songkolo produced a significantly higher peak blood glucose level (141.50 ± 20.94 mg/dL) compared to Nasi Kuning (121.75 ± 23.42 mg/dL) at 30 minutes postprandially (F = 11.728, p = 0.006). No significant inter-food differences were observed in any satiety dimension at any time point (p > 0.05), although both foods elicited significant within-food temporal changes.
Conclusions: Songkolo elicited a significantly higher postprandial blood glucose response than Nasi Kuning, with no significant difference in satiety. Nasi Kuning may be a more metabolically favorable carbohydrate choice for glycemic control.
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