Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids can reduce tumor necrosis alpha ( TNF-α) levels and pain intensity in osteoarthritis patients
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Osteoarthritis (OA) merupakan penyakit sendi yang paling umum di seluruh dunia, dengan dampak yang kuat pada kesehatan individu dan populasi. Secara global prevalensi OA meningkat sebesar 113,2% dari 247,5 juta pada tahun 1990 menjadi 527,8 juta pada tahun 2019. Prevalensi OA di Indonesia meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia yaitu sebesar 5% pada individu berusia kurang dari 40 tahun, 30% pada usia 40-60 tahun, dan 65% pada usia di atas 60 tahun. Angka kejadian OA lutut relatif tinggi, yaitu 15,5% pada pria dan 12,7% pada wanita. Penyakit ini dapat menyebabkan nyeri kronis, kecacatan, dan menurunkan kualitas hidup penderita. Tingginya kadar sitokin pro inflamasi seperti TNF-α pada penderita OA dapat berperan sebagai faktor utama yang menginduksi kematian krondosit dan menghambat diferensiasi serta proliferasi kondrosit. Penelitian sebelumnya mengatakan bahwa suplementasi omega 3 dapat menurunkan kadar sitokin proinflamasi, memperbaiki nyeri, dan kekakuan fungsi fisik pada individu dengan OA lutut, namun belum ada yang meneliti pengaruh suplementasi omega 3 ini dengan penurunan kadar Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α).
Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh suplementasi asam lemak omega 3 terhadap kadar TNF-α dan intensitas nyeri pada penderita osteoarthritis.
Metode: Studi ini merupakan quasi-experimental desain kelompok tunggal dengan rancangan penelitian one group pre-post test without control group design pada 31 pasien. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran antropometri, pengambilan sampel darah dan pengukuran skor nyeri dilakukan sebanyak dua kali, yaitu sebelum dan sesudah dilakukannya intervensi. analisa TNF-α menggunakan Enzym Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa), intensitas nyeri menggunakan numeric rating scale (NRS). Analisis uji statistik pengaruh suplementasi asam lemak omega 3 terhadap kadar TNF-α dan intensitas nyeri menggunakan uji Wilcoxon.
Hasil: Hasil yang diperoleh pada TNF-α dengan nilai P=0,007 dan intensitas nyeri dengan nilai P=0,001 yang menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan.
Kesimpulan: Suplementasi asam lemak omega 3 pada penderita OA dapat mengasilkan beberapa mediator anti inflamasi yang mampu menurunkan kadar sitokin pro inflamasi TNF-α dan intensitas nyerisecara siginifikan.
KATA KUNCI: asam lemak omega 3 ; tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α); intensitas nyeri; inflamasi; osteoarthritis
ABSTRACT
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease worldwide, strongly impacting individual and population health. Globally, the prevalence of OA increased by 113.2% from 247.5 million in 1990 to 527.8 million in 2019. The prevalence of OA in Indonesia increases with age, namely by 5% in individuals under 40 years, 30% in those aged 40-60 years, and 65% in those over 60 years. The incidence of knee OA is relatively high, namely 15.5% in men and 12.7% in women. This disease can cause chronic pain and disability and reduce the quality of life of sufferers. High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α in OA sufferers can act as a major factor in inducing chondrocyte death and inhibiting chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation. Previous studies have shown that omega-3 supplementation can reduce proinflammatory cytokine levels and improve pain and stiffness of physical function in individuals with knee OA. Still, no one has studied the effect of omega-3 supplementation on reducing TNF-α levels.
Objectives: To analyze the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on TNF-α levels and pain intensity in patients with osteoarthritis.
Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental single-group design with a one-group pre-post test without a control group design in 31 patients. Data collection was carried out by anthropometric measurements, blood sampling, and pain score measurements twice, namely before and after the intervention. TNF-α analysis using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa), pain intensity using a numeric rating scale (NRS). Statistical analysis of the effect of omega 3 fatty acid supplementation on TNF-α levels and pain intensity using the Wilcoxon test.
Results: The results obtained on TNF-α with a P value = 0.007 and pain intensity with a P value = 0.001 showed significant results.
Conclusion: Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in OA patients can produce several anti-inflammatory mediators that significantly reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and pain intensity.
KEYWORDS: omega 3 fatty acids; tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α); pain intensity; inflammation; osteoarthritis
Received: August 14, 2024; Revised: Nov 18 2024; Accepted: Nov 20, 2024; Available online: Nov 30, 2024; Published: Nov 30, 2024.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Hunter DJ, Bierma-Zeinstra S. Osteoarthritis. The Lancet. 2019 Apr;393(10182):1745–59.
Permadi AW. Fisioterapi Manajemen Komprehensif Praklinik. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran; 2019.
Siddik M, Darjanti Haryadi R. The Risk Factors Effect of Knee Osteoarthritis Towards Postural Lateral Sway. IJFMT [Internet]. 2020 Apr 25 [cited 2023 Oct 2]; Available from: http://medicopublication.com/index.php/ijfmt/article/view/3196
Liu S, Roemer F, Ge Y, Bedrick EJ, Li ZM, Guermazi A, et al. Comparison of evaluation metrics of deep learning for imbalanced imaging data in osteoarthritis studies. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2023 Sep;31(9):1242–8.
Sudaryanto WT, Mudigdo A, Soemanto R. Biopsychosocial Factors Affecting Functional Disability and Depression in Patients with Osteoarthritis in Surakarta, Central Java. J Epidemiol Public Health. 2018;03(02):292–306.
Liao Z, Han X, Wang Y, Shi J, Zhang Y, Zhao H, et al. Differential Metabolites in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2023 Sep 28;15(19):4191.
Coaccioli S, Sarzi-Puttini P, Zis P, Rinonapoli G, Varrassi G. Osteoarthritis: New Insight on Its Pathophysiology. JCM. 2022 Oct 12;11(20):6013.
He Y, Li Z, Alexander PG, Ocasio-Nieves BD, Yocum L, Lin H, et al. Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: Risk Factors, Regulatory Pathways in Chondrocytes, and Experimental Models. Biology. 2020 Jul 29;9(8):194.
Peshkova M, Lychagin A, Lipina M, Di Matteo B, Anzillotti G, Ronzoni F, et al. Gender-Related Aspects in Osteoarthritis Development and Progression: A Review. IJMS. 2022 Mar 2;23(5):2767.
Inayati R, Isasih WD. Peran Estrogen Remodelling Tulang Pada Kasus Osteoporosis Post- Menopausal. 2023;4(3).
Pramana Putra B, Mia Putri Sahara, Cokorda Istri Agung Asvini, I Gusti Bagus Surya Ari, Kadek Diah Permata, Komang Pranayoga, et al. Nutraceutical dari Teripang sebagai Terapi Adjuvan Osteoartritis. LMJ. 2022 Apr 1;1(2):118–26.
Gropper S, Smith J. Lipid. Dalam: Advance Nutrition and Human Metabolism. Edisi ke-6. Canada: Wadsworth Cengage Learning; 2013. hal. 138-167.
Oliver L, Dietrich T, Marañón I, Villarán MC, Barrio RJ. Producing Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Review of Sustainable Sources and Future Trends for the EPA and DHA Market. Resources. 2020 Dec 16;9(12):148.
Deng W, Yi Z, Yin E, Lu R, You H, Yuan X. Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation for patients with osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023 May 24;18(1):381.
Mustonen AM, Nieminen P. Fatty Acids and Oxylipins in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis—a Complex Field with Significant Potential for Future Treatments. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2021 Jun;23(6):41.
Shawl M, Geetha T, Burnett D, Babu J. Omega-3 Supplementation and Its Effects on Osteoarthritis. Nutrients. 2024 May 28;16(11):1650.
Piao Shang, Du Wei, Wei Yingliang, Yu Yang, Feng Xinyuan, Bai Lunhao. Protectin DX attenuates IL-1β-induced inflammation via the AMPK/NF-κB pathway in chondrocytes and ameliorates osteoarthritis progression in a rat model. International Immunopharmacology. 2019;
Liu C, Fan D, Lei Q, Lu A, He X. Roles of Resolvins in Chronic Inflammatory Response. IJMS. 2022 Nov 28;23(23):14883.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2024.12(6).%25p
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics (IJND) indexed by:
View My Stats