The association of snacking behavior and sodium intake with nutritional status in primary school children

Nindy Sabrina; Khoirul Anwar

doi:10.21927/ijnd.2022.10(1).1-7

The association of snacking behavior and sodium intake with nutritional status in primary school children

Nindy Sabrina, Khoirul Anwar

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Hubungan antara perilaku jajan dan status gizi belum dapat disimpulkan karena dapat disebabkan oleh perbedaan jumlah jajanan dan asupan natrium yang dikonsumsi.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan jajan dan asupan natrium kaitannya dengan status gizi pada anak sekolah dasar.

Metode: Survei cross-sectional terhadap 115 anak usia 8-12 tahun dilakukan di Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia. Asupan makanan dinilai menggunakan recall 24 jam dan pengukuran antropometri dilakukan. Status gizi subjek ditentukan dengan menggunakan indikator IMT/usia.

Hasil: Anak-anak yang kurus mengkonsumsi makanan ringan dua kali lebih banyak daripada anak-anak yang gemuk, tetapi mengkonsumsi lebih sedikit energi yang bersumber dari makanan. Tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata konsumsi energi dari makanan dan dengan status gizi partisipan yang berbeda (p>0,05). Produk snack yang paling sering dikonsumsi oleh peserta adalah minuman manis, gorengan, dan snack ekstrudat. Rata-rata asupan natrium harian partisipan adalah 1620,11 ± 1129,780 mg dan meningkat secara signifikan dengan peningkatan asupan energi (p-tren<0,05). Tidak ada hubungan antara status gizi dengan konsumsi natrium pada penelitian ini.

Kesimpulan: Meskipun kebiasaan jajan tidak berpengaruh pada status gizi, namun hal ini berkontribusi pada peningkatan asupan natrium. Temuan ini mungkin menyiratkan bahwa kandungan natrium dalam makanan ringan harus diatur lebih lanjut untuk mencegah perkembangan penyakit tidak menular.

KATA KUNCI: asupan natrium; jajan; kebiasaan jajan; makanan ringan; status gizi

ABSTRACT

Background: The associations between snacking behavior and nutritional status are inconclusive, which may be due to differences in snacking quantity and sodium intake.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the association between snacking behavior and sodium intake and nutritional status in primary school children.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 115 children aged 8-12 years old was conducted in South Jakarta, Indonesia. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour recalls and anthropometric measurements were collected. The nutritional status of subjects was determined using BMI-for-age indicator.

Results: Thin children consume twice as many snacks as children who are obese but consume less energy at meals. The average energy consumption from meals and snacks was not significantly different between participants with varying nutritional status (p>0.05). Participants' snack products most frequently consumed were sugar-sweetened beverages, fried foods, and extruded snacks. The average daily sodium intake was 1620.11 ± 1129.780 mg and increased significantly with increased energy intake (p-trend<0.05). There was no association between nutritional status and sodium consumption in this study.

Conclusions: While snacking have no effect on nutritional status, it contributes to increase sodium intake. This finding may imply that sodium content in snacks should be further regulated to prevent the development of non-communicable diseases.

KEYWORD: nutritional status; snacks; snacking; snack behavior; sodium intake

Keywords

asupan natrium; jajan; kebiasaan jajan; makanan ringan; status gizi; nutritional status; snacks; snacking; snack behavior; sodium intake

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2022.10(1).1-7