Fruit and vegetable juice formulation for blood pressure control in hypertensive elderly

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Lansia merupakan kelompok usia yang sangat rentan menderita hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi. Selain dengan obat, tekanan darah bisa dikontrol dengan pengelolaan pola makan. Beberapa buah dan sayuran yang dipercaya dapat membantu menurunkan tekanan darah seperti semangka, mentimun, tomat, sawi hijau, papaya dan pisang Ambon. Kandungan yang berperan antara lain kandungan air, serat, kalsium, kalium dan magnesium. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat efektifi tas formulasi jus sayur dan buah terhadap pengendalian tekanan darah pada lansia hipertensi.
Metode: Metode penelitian secara Quasi Experiment dengan rancangan penelitian analisis varians satu arah berdasarkan Kruskal-Wallis dengan taraf signifi kan 5% (α = 0.05) dan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan intervensi berupa pemberian jus sayur dan buah dengan pengendalian standar makanan untuk menghasilkan standarisasi jus sayur dan buah yang efektif dalam pengendalian tekanan darah. Penelitian dilakukan di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Sejahtera. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh lansia hipertensi di Panti Tresna Werdha Budi Sejahtera sebanyak 108 orang dengan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sebanyak 81 orang dimana terdapat 27 kombinasi formula jus (9 kombinasi formula A, 9 kombinasi formula B, 9 kombinasi formula C). Pemberian tiap kombinasi diberi jeda satu hari dengan melihat perubahan tekanan darah 6 jam sebelum dan sesudah intervensi.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan formula jus sayur dan buah yang paling efektif dalam pengendalian tekanan darah sistolik lansia yaitu kelompok formula B31 (tomat, sawi dan semangka) dan B32 (tomat, sawi dan pisang ambon) dengan p= 0.046 atau tingkat kepercayaan >95%.
Kesimpulan: Perlu dilakukan uji lebih lanjut dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar terhadap kedua formula jus sayur dan buah ini untuk melihat seberapa jauh efektifi tas penurunan tekanan darah yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian ini bisa menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam pengaturan menu diet pada lansia dengan hipertensi.

KATA KUNCI: hipertensi; jus buah; lansia; sayuran

ABSTRACT

Backgrounds: The elderly is an age group that is very vulnerable to suffer from hypertension. In addition to drugs, blood pressure can also be controlled by managing diet. Some fruits and vegetables that are believed to reduce blood pressure are watermelons, cucumbers, tomatoes, mustard greens, papaya and Ambonese bananas. Ingredients that play a role include mineral potassium, calcium and magnesium.
Objectives: This study aims to look at the effectiveness of vegetable and fruit juice formulations on controlling blood pressure in elderly hypertension.
Methods: The research method is a Quasi Experiment with a one-way analysis of variance analysis design based on Kruskal-Wallis with a signifi cance level of 5% (α = 0.05) and a confidence level of 95%. The treatment group was given intervention in the form of giving vegetable and fruit juices by controlling food standards to produce an effective standardization of vegetable and fruit juices in controlling blood pressure. The study was conducted at Tresna Werdha Budi Sejahtera Social Home. The study population was all elderly hypertension at Tresna Werdha Budi Sejahtera Orphanage as many as 108 people with the study sample using purposive sampling techniques as many as 81 people where there were 27 juice formula combinations (9 combinations of formula A, 9 combinations of formula B, 9 combinations of formula C). Giving each combination given a pause one day to see changes in blood pressure 6 hours before and after the intervention.
Results: The results showed that the most effective formulas of vegetable and fruit juices in controlling systolic blood pressure in the elderly were the formula group B31 (tomatoes, mustard greens and watermelons) and B32 (tomatoes, mustards and ambon bananas) with p = 0.046 or a confi dence level>95% (α=0,05).
Conclusion: Further tests need to be carried out with a larger number of samples of these two vegetable and fruit juice formulas to see how far the effectiveness of blood pressure reduction is produced and the results of this study can be taken into consideration in the regulation of diet menus in the elderly with hypertension.

KEYWORDS: elderly; fruit juices; hypertension; vegetable