The consumption of protein, zinc, and vitamin a associated with ferritin levels in pregnancy

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Permasalahan gizi dalam kehamilan berupa defisiensi makronutrien, mikronutrien, dan anemia. Kejadian anemia defisiensi besi pada ibu hamil di Indonesia berdasarkan data WHO tahun 2019 dan Riskesdas 2018 adalah 44,2% dan 48,9%. Persentase kasus anemia pada ibu hamil di Sumatera Barat dan Kota Padang tahun 2019 adalah 18,10% dan 11,2% dengan penyebab antara lain defisiensi makronutrien dan mikronutrien dan pola konsumsi. Defisiensi besi dapat diidentifikasi dengan pemeriksaan kadar ferritin.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan asupan protein, asupan zink, dan  vitamin A dengan kadar ferritin ibu hamil trimester III.

Metode: Penelitian analitik cross sectional ini dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Lubuk Kilangan dan Laboratorium Biomedik Universitas Andalas pada November 2021-Juli 2022. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 64 orang ibu hamil trimester III dan teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling. Asupan protein, zink, dan vitamin A diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner SQ-FFQ dan kadar ferritin diperiksa dengan metode ELISA. Uji normalitas data mengunakan Kolmogorov Smirnov sementara analisis bivariat dan multivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson dan regresi linear (p<0,05).

Hasil: Rerata asupan protein adalah 92.56 gr, asupan zink 7.35 mg, vitamin A 824,98 µgRE dan kadar ferritin 16,267 µg/L. Asupan protein (p=0,001; r= 0,714), zink (p=0,001; r=0,428) dan vitamin A (p=0,001; r=0,531) memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kadar ferritin. Hasil uji regresi linear menunjukkan asupan protein merupakan factor yang paling berhubungan dengan kadar ferritin (p= 0,001; β=0,598).

Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara asupan protein, zink, dan vitamin A dengan kadar ferritin ibu hamil trimester III. Pada kelas ibu hamil perlu diberikan edukasi gizi mengenai jenis dan peran gizi dalam mencegah anemia dan defisiensi besi

KATA KUNCI: asupan protein;  ferritin; kehamilan; vitamin A; zink; 

ABSTRACT

Background: Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies, as well as anemia, are nutritional issues during pregnancy. According to WHO in 2019 and Basic Health Research in 2018, 44.20% and 48.90% of pregnant women in Indonesia were anemic. In 2019 there were 18.10% and 11.20% respectively of pregnant women who were anemic in West Sumatra Province and Padang City. Macro and micronutrient deficiencies as well as poor eating habits were the main causes of anemia in pregnancy. A trustworthy sign to detect iron deficiency anemia was the ferritin level.

Objectives: This research aimed to determine the association between protein, zinc, and vitamin A consumption  with ferritin level in third trimester of pregnancy.

Methods: This analytical cross-sectional research was held in Lubuk Kilangan Health Center and the Biomedical Laboratory of Andalas University on November 2021-July 2022. The subject were 64 third trimester pregnant women. Protein, zinc, and vitamin A consumption were obtained by the SQ-FFQ questionnaire and the ferritin levels were examined by ELISA method. Normality test used Kolmogorov Smirnov. The bivariate and multivariate analysis used Pearson correlation and linear regression (p <0,05).

Results: The mean level of protein, zinc, and vitamin A consumption  were 92.56 g, 7.35 mg and 824.98 µgRE and ferritin level 16.26 µg/L. Protein (p=0.001; r=0.771), zinc (p=0.001; r=0.428) and vitamin A consumption (p=0.001; r=0.531) were significantly associated with ferritin levels. The linear regression test revealed protein consumption was the most associated factor with ferritin levels (p = 0.001; β= 0.598).

Conclusions: There was a significant association of protein, zinc, and vitamin A consumption with ferritin levels in third trimester of pregnancy. Nutritional education about the types and roles of nutrients should be given to pregnant women in the antenatal class to prevent anemia and iron deficiency.

KEYWORD: ferritin; protein; pregnancy; vitamin A consumption; zinc