Factors related to childbirth self-efficacy among primigravida  in Yogyakarta

Muafiqoh Dwiarini

doi:10.21927/jnki.2022.10(2).151-157

Factors related to childbirth self-efficacy among primigravida in Yogyakarta

Muafiqoh Dwiarini

Abstract

Background : Childbirth self-efficacy refers to a woman's self-confidence in herability to cope with labor and contributes significantly to her perception of pain during labor. Mothers with low self-efficacy felt nervous, felt they lacked strength, and expressed more fear, so that the labor process did not go smoothly and lasted longer, causing greater pain for both the mother and baby. Pregnant women with high childbirth self-efficacy had higher intention to attempt vaginal birth, while those choosing caesarean had lower self-efficacy beliefs.

Objectives : This study was to determine factors related childbirth self-efficacy among primigravida.

Methods : This study used analytic observational method with cross sectional design. This research was conducted at Community Health Centers and two maternity clinics in Yogyakarta with 112 sample pregnant woman. They were recruited using a purposive sampling technique based on the criteria. The study used Childbirth Self-Efficacy (CBSEI) scale, the Fear of Childbirth (FOC) scale, and demographic data questionnaires. The independent sample t-test, ANOVA, pearson’s correlation coefficient, to determine the factors related childbirth self-efficacy.

Results : The results of this study indicate that the factors associated with childbirth self-efficacy were antenatal class and prenatal yoga with a p value of 0.000 (p <0.05). In addition, there is a significant negative correlation between childbirth self-efficacy and fear of childbirth (r = -.34, p < .01). In other words, pregnant women with higher childbirth self-efficacy meant less fear of childbirth.

Conclusions: Factors related childbirth self-efficacy were antenatal class, prenatal yoga, and fear of childbirth. The results of this study provided a better understanding of factors related childbirth self-efficacy. Based on the results, strategies to increase childbirth self-efficacy should focus on decreasing the level of fear of childbirth, which can be done by attending prenatal education and doing prenatal yoga.

Keywords

self-efficacy; fear; labor; primigravida

Full Text:

PDF

References

Green JM, Coupland VA, Kitzinger JV. Expectations, experiences, and psychological outcomes of childbirth: a prospective study of 825 women. Birth. 1990;17(1):15-24.

Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control: W. H. Freeman & Company; 1997.

Lowe NK. Maternal confidence in coping with labor a self‐efficacy concept. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing. 1991;20(6):457-63.

Dilks FM, Beal JA. Role of self-efficacy in birth choice. The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing. 1997;11(1):1-9.

Carlsson M, Ziegert K, Nissen E. The relationship between childbirth self-efficacy and aspects of well-being, birth interventions and birth outcomes. Midwifery. 2015;31(10):1000-7.

Manning MM, Wright TL. Self-efficacy expectancies, outcome expectancies, and the persistence of pain control in childbirth. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1983;45(2):421-31.

Lowe NK. Self-efficacy for labor and childbirth fears in nuiliparous pregnant women. Journal Of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2000;21(4):219-24.

Sinclair M, O’Boyle C. The childbirth self‐efficacy inventory: a replication study. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1999;30(6):1416-23.

Ramie A, Afiyanti Y, Pujasari H. Self control and self efficacy increase mother’s birth labor satisfaction. Jurnal Ners. 2017;9(1):97-103.

Ghasemi F, Bolbol-Haghighi N, Mottaghi Z, Hosseini SR, Khosravi A. The effect of group counseling with cognitive-behavioral approach on self-efficacy of pregnant women’s choice of vaginal delivery. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. 2018;12(3):e7632.

Yaqub A, Gul S. Reasons for failure of exclusive breastfeeding in children less than six months of age. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. 2013;25(1-2):165-7.

Gao LL, Ip WY, Sun K. Validation of the short form of the chinese childbirth self‐efficacy inventory in Mainland China. Research in Nursing & Health. 2011;34(1):49-59.

Spinelli A, Baglio G, Donati S, Grandolfo M, Osborn J. Do antenatal classes benefit the mother and her baby? The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2003;13(2):94-101.

Sun Y-C, Hung Y-C, Chang Y, Kuo S-C. Effects of a prenatal yoga programme on the discomforts of pregnancy and maternal childbirth self-efficacy in Taiwan. Midwifery. 2010;26(6):e31-e6.

Salomonsson, Gullberg M, Alehagen S, Wijma K. Self-efficacy beliefs and fear of childbirth in nulliparous women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2013;34(3):116-21.

Johnson R, Slade P. Does fear of childbirth during pregnancy predict emergency caesarean section? BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2002;109(11):1213-21.

Zar M, Wijma K, Wijma B. Pre-and postpartum fear of childbirth in nulliparous and parous women. Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy. 2001;30(2):75-84.

Bandura A. Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist. 1989;44(9):1175-84.

Beebe RK, Lee KA, Carrieri-Kohlman V, &, Humphreys J. The effects of childbirth self-efficacy and anxiety during pregnancy on prehospitalization labor Journal of Obstetric, Gynocologic and Neonatal Nursing 2007;36(5):410-8.

Salomonsson., Bertero, Alehagen. Self-efficacy in pregnant women with severe fear of childbirth. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 2013;42(2):191-202.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/jnki.2022.10(2).151-157