From screens to snacks: emerging risks fueling global adolescent obesity: A literature review
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Obesitas pada anak merupakan epidemi global dan masalah gizi utama di kalangan anak-anak. Hal ini ditandai dengan penumpukan lemak yang berlebihan atau abnormal yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan.
Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis artikel-artikel yang berkaitan dengan faktor risiko obesitas pada anak dan remaja.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah tinjauan pustaka dengan mencari artikel dari tiga basis data yaitu Scopus, Sage, dan PubMed Journals menggunakan model strategi PCC. Sebanyak 281 artikel diperoleh, penyaringan berdasarkan rentang artikel duplikasi tahun 2018-2023 menyisakan 52 artikel dan penyaringan kriteria kelayakan menyisakan 15 artikel. Artikel-artikel tersebut dinilai kualitasnya melalui penilaian kritis JBI, 3 artikel dikeluarkan dan 12 artikel relevan yang tersisa kemudian dianalisis dan disintesis.
Hasil: Faktor risiko yang diidentifikasi meliputi karakteristik sosial ekonomi dan demografis, riwayat medis sebelumnya, pola tidur, kebiasaan makan, kurangnya aktivitas fisik, dan waktu penggunaan layar yang berkepanjangan. Berbagai faktor yang dapat dimodifikasi dan tidak dapat dimodifikasi berkontribusi terhadap obesitas pada anak.
Kesimpulan: Pencegahan yang efektif memerlukan kolaborasi multi-sektoral antara sekolah, keluarga, penyedia layanan kesehatan, dan pembuat kebijakan untuk mempromosikan gaya hidup sehat dan meminimalkan faktor risiko ini pada anak-anak dan remaja.
ABSTRACT
Background: Childhood obesity is a global epidemic and a major nutritional problem among children. It is characterized by excessive or abnormal fat accumulation that may impair health.
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze articles related to risk factors for obesity in children and adolescents.
Methods: The method used in writing this article is a literature review by searching articles from three databases, namely Scopus, Sage, and PubMed Journals, using the PCC strategy model. A total of 281 articles were obtained; screening based on the range of 2018-2023, duplicate articles left 52 articles, and screening eligibility criteria left 15 articles. The articles were assessed for quality through JBI critical appraisal; 3 articles were excluded, and the remaining 12 relevant articles were then analyzed and synthesized.
Results: Identified risk factors included socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, previous medical history, sleep patterns, dietary habits, physical inactivity, and prolonged screen time. Various modifiable and non-modifiable factors contribute to childhood obesity.
Conclusions: Effective prevention requires multi-sectoral collaboration among schools, families, healthcare providers, and policymakers to promote healthy lifestyles and minimize these risk factors in children and adolescents.
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