Inappropriate complementary feeding practice as a risk factor of stunting in children aged 6-23 months

Siska Ariftiyana; Hamam Hadi; Pramitha Sari; Nur Mukhlisoh Majidah; Herwinda Kusuma Rahayu; Lisana Shidiq Aliya; Emma C Lewis

doi:10.21927/ijnd.2025.13(4).304-314

Inappropriate complementary feeding practice as a risk factor of stunting in children aged 6-23 months

Siska Ariftiyana, Hamam Hadi, Pramitha Sari, Nur Mukhlisoh Majidah, Herwinda Kusuma Rahayu, Lisana Shidiq Aliya, Emma C Lewis

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Target penurunan stunting di Indonesia tahun 2024 sebesar 14%. Prevalensi stunting mengalami penurunan namun belum secara spesifik dapat mencapai target sasaran dengan berbagai faktor risiko penyebab terjadinya stunting. Stunting mengalami peningkatkan pada anak usia 6 bulan ketika pemberian ASI saja tidak mencukupi kebutuhan zat gizi bayi. Praktik pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) yang baik mulai 6 bulan menjadi sangat penting untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi anak, dimana masih banyak praktik pemberian MPASI dini, kurang beragam dan frekuensi makan belum cukup.

Tujuan: Untuk menganaliis indikator praktik pemberian MPASI sesuai standar terhadap anak stunting 6-24 di Kecamatan Pajangan Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian case-control study dengan perbandingan 1:1. Indikator yang digunakan dalam menentukan kesesuaian praktik pemberian makanan bayi dan anak mengacu kepada Pedoman Infant and Young Feeding Indicators dari WHO yaitu waktu pengenalan makan, Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), Minimum Meal Frequncy (MMF), diet minimum yang dapat diterima (Minimum Acceptable Diet/MAD) dan perhitungan nilai asupan gizi. Karakteristik lain yang digunakan sebagai variabel faktor determinan praktik pemberian MPASI antara lain pendidikan ibu/pengasuh, pekerjaan ayah dan ibu, pendapatan rumah tangga.

Hasil: Minimum Dietary Diversity secara signifikan menjadi faktor risiko kejaddian stunting (adjusted OR= 5, 17; 95% CI: 1,80-17,52). Indikator Minimum Acceptable Diet secara signifikan menjadi faktor prodiktor stunting (crude OR= 0,38; 95% CI: 0,15-0,95). Indikator lain seperti waktu pengenalan MPASI pertama, Minimum Meal Frequency, konsumsi protein bukan merupakan faktor risiko stunting.

Kesimpulan: pentingnya praktik pemberian MPASI pada anak usia 6-23 bulan dengan memperhatikan pemenuhan Minimum Dietary Diversity dan Minimum Meal Frequncy agar Minimum Acceptable Diet terpenuhi untuk dapat mencegah terjadinya stunting pada anak baduta

KATA KUNCI: anak usia 6-12 bulan; dietary diversity; mp-asi; praktik pemberian makan; stunting

ASBTRACT

Introduction: The target to reduce stunting in Indonesia in 2024 is 14%. The prevalence of stunting has decreased but has not specifically been able to reach the target with various risk factors that cause stunting. Stunting has increased in children aged 6 months when breastfeeding alone does not meet the nutritional needs of infants. The practice of giving complementary feeding (CF) that is good starting at 6 months is very important to meet the nutritional needs of children, where there are still many practices of giving early complementary food, less variety and insufficient frequency of meals.

Objectives: To analyze indicators of complementary feeding practices for stunted children 6-24 in Pajangan District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta.

Methods: This study used a case-control study design with a ratio of 1:2. The indicators used in determining the suitability of infant and child feeding practices refer to the Infant and Young Feeding Indicators Guidelines from WHO, namely the time of introduction of food, Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), Minimum Meal Frequncy (MMF), Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD) and the calculation of nutritional intake values. Other characteristics that are used as determinants of the practice of giving complementary foods include education of mothers/caregivers, occupations of fathers and mothers, household income.

Results: Minimum Dietary Diversity is significantly a risk factor for stunting (adjusted OR = 5.17; 95% CI: 1.80-17.52). The Minimum Acceptable Diet indicator is significantly a predictor of stunting (crude OR= 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15-0.95). Other indicators such as the time of introduction of first complementary food, Minimum Meal Frequency, protein consumption are not risk factors for stunting

Conslusion: the importance of the practice of giving complementary foods to children aged 6-23 months by paying attention to fulfilling the Minimum Dietary Diversity and Minimum Meal Frequency so that the Minimum Acceptable Diet is met in order to prevent stunting in children aged 6-23 months

KEYWORDS: complementary feeding; dietary diversity; minimum meal frequency; minimum acceptable-diet; stunting

Keywords

anak usia 6-12 bulan; dietary diversity; mp-asi; praktik pemberian makan; stunting; complementary feeding; dietary diversity; minimum meal frequency; minimum acceptable-diet; stunting

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2025.13(4).304-314