Association of antidepressant food scores, anemia, and physical activity with adolescent depression

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Satu dari tiga remaja di Indonesia memiliki masalah kesehatan mental, sementara di sisi lain permasalahan anemia pada remaja putri belum teratasi. Beberapa literatur menyatakan bahwa pola makan dan aktivitas fisik dapat menjadi strategi untuk mencegah depresi.

Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan antidepressant food scores, status anemia, dan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian depresi pada remaja.

Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan desain analitik cross-sectional yang melibatkan 173 siswa perempuan. Pemilihan subyek penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive random sampling yang dipilih dengan kriteria inklusi siswi berusia 15 - 18 tahun, berdomisili di Kabupaten Bekasi, bersedia diambil darahnya. Kriteria eksklusi siswi yang sedang melakukan diet dan tidak mengonsumsi obat antidepresan. Konsumsi makanan antidepresan diukur menggunakan Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), anemia diukur dengan alat Quick Check HB, aktivitas fisik diukur dengan kuesioner International Physical Activity (IPAQ-SF) dan tingkat depresi diukur dengan kuesioner Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 42). Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik.

Hasil: Remaja dengan pola konsumsi antidepresan food rendah sebesar 70.05%. Remaja dengan anemia ditemukan 32.2%. Remaja dengan aktivitas fisik rendah ditemukan 66.5%. Remaja depresi ditemukan 45.3%. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan antara pola makan antidepresan dan status anemia pada remaja putri (p<0.05). Remaja putri anemia memiliki resiko mengalami depresi 0,939 kali lebih besar dari pada remaja putri yang tidak mengalami anemia (OR = 0.939; CI = 0.794-1.107). Remaja putri yang memiliki pola konsumsi makanan antidepresan rendah beresiko mengalami depresi 1,862 kali lebih besar dari pada remaja putri yang memiliki pola konsumsi makanan antidepresan tinggi (OR = 1.862; CI=0.700 – 4.952.). Tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian depresi pada remaja putri (p>0.05)

Kesimpulan: Antidepressant Food Score dan status anemia dapat dikaitkan dengan kejadian depresi pada remaja. Aktivitas fisik dalam penelitian ini tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian depresi pada remaja.

KATA KUNCI: aktivitas fisik; anemia; antidepressant food scores; depresi, pola makan

ABSTRACT

Background: One in three adolescents in Indonesia faces mental health issues, meanwhile, the problem of anemia among adolescent girls remains unresolved. Several literatures suggest that dietary patterns and physical activity may serve as strategies to prevent depression.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between antidepressant food scores, anemia status, and physical activity with the incidence of depression among adolescents.

Methods: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional analytical design involving 173 female students. The research subjects were selected using a purposive random sampling technique, with inclusion criteria of female students aged 15-17 years, residing in Bekasi Regency, and willing to provide blood samples. The exclusion criteria included students who were on a diet and those not consuming antidepressant medications. Antidepressant food consumption was measured using the Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), anemia was assessed with the Quick Check HB device, physical activity was measured using the Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF), and depression levels were measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 42) questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using chi-square and logistic regression tests.

Results: Adolescents with low antidepressant food consumption were 70,05%. Adolescents with anemia were found to be 31.2%. Adolescents with low physical activity were found to be 66.5%. Depressed adolescents were found to be 45.3%. The results of the bivariate test showed there is a relationship between antidepressant dietary patterns and anemia status with the incidence of depression among adolescents (p<0.05). Anemic adolescent girls have a 0.939 times higher risk of experiencing depression compared to non-anemic adolescent girls (OR =0.939; CI = 0.794 - 1.107). Adolescent girls with low antidepressant food consumption patterns are 1.862 times more likely to experience depression than those with high antidepressant food consumption patterns (OR = 1.862; CI = 0.700 - 4.952). No significant relationship was found between physical activity and the incidence of depression among adolescents (p>0.05).

Conclusions: Antidepressant Food Score and anemia status can be associated with the incidence of depression among adolescents. Physical activity in this study did not show a significant relationship with the incidence of depression among adolescents

KEYWORD: anemia; antidepressant food scores; depression; dietary patterns

physical activity