Development of sustainable green medicine strategy for adolescent anemia prevention: a mix methods

Fitri Khoiriyah; Dilma’aarij Agustia; Cindy Maisaroh; Gracetine Novemsia Gulo

doi:10.21927/ijnd.2025.13(2).%p

Development of sustainable green medicine strategy for adolescent anemia prevention: a mix methods

Fitri Khoiriyah, Dilma’aarij Agustia, Cindy Maisaroh, Gracetine Novemsia Gulo

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Anemia pada remaja putri berdampak pada imunitas, remaja yang mengalami anemia imunitasnya cenderung lebih rendah sehingga mudah terserang infeksi. Kebugaran tubuh dapat berkurang dan penurunan prestasi dalam belajar. Defisiensi besi dapat diidentifikasi dengan pemeriksaan kadar ferritin. Green medicine memanfaatkan potensi tanaman herbal dan sumber daya alam yang memiliki aktivitas biologis untuk meningkatkan kadar ferritin dalam tubuh secara alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan strategi berkelanjutan green medicine yang efektif dan dapat diterapkan secara luas untuk meningkatkan kesehatan remaja putri yang menderita anemia defisiensi besi.

Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah mix method. Metode kuantitatif menggunakan analisis univariat yang tujuan untuk mengetahui kadar ferritin remaja putri serta dilakukan pengukuran asupan nutrisi remaja putri menggunakan kuesioner SQ-FFQ. Metode kualitatif menggunakan analisis tematik dan serta pengembangan produk menggunakan analisis SWOT.

Hasil: Hasil kuantitatif menunjukkan sebanyak 5 (15.6%) remaja putri mengalami anemia dengan kadar ferritin dibawah normal (Mean = 9.9 μg/L) sehingga mayoritas kadar ferritin responden normal. Remaja yang anemia 100% asupan iron sebesar 8 ± 4.2 mg dan vitamin C sebesar 70 ± 70.5 μgRE. Hasil kualitatif menunjukkan pengembangan produk green medicine ini mempertimbangan keseluruhan aspek dari kualitas, khasiat, tampilan produk dan distribusi. Hasil analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa produk green medicine yang berkelanjutan memerlukan bahan dasar local wisdom dan bekerjasama dengan stakeholder lintas sectoral.

Kesimpulan: Pengembangan produk green medicine disesuaikan dengan bahan dasar local wisdom yang mengandung kebutuhan vitamin C dan iron yang seimbang untuk bisa memenuhi asupan nutrisi remaja putri anemia ini dengan mempertimbangkan kualitas, khasiat, tampilan produk dan proses pendistribusiannya sehingga dapat menangani serta mencegah angka anemia di kalangan remaja putri secara berkelanjutan.

KATA KUNCI: anemia; feritin; green mecidine; remaja putri; mix method

ABSTRACT

Background: Anemia in adolescent girls has an impact on immunity, adolescents who experience anemia tend to have lower immunity so they are susceptible to infection. Body fitness can be reduced and decreased achievement in learning. Iron deficiency can be identified by checking ferritin levels. Green medicine utilizes the potential of herbal plants and natural resources that have biological activity to increase ferritin levels in the body naturally. This study aims to develop a sustainable green medicine strategy that is effective and can be widely applied to improve the health of adolescent girls suffering from iron deficiency anemia.

Methods: The research method used was mixed method. The quantitative method uses univariate analysis which aims to determine the ferritin levels of adolescent girls and to measure the nutritional intake of adolescent girls using the SQ-FFQ questionnaire. Qualitative methods use thematic analysis and product development using SWOT analysis.

Results: Quantitative results showed that 5 (15.6%) adolescent girls were anemic with ferritin levels below normal (Mean = 9.9 μg/L) so the majority of respondents' ferritin levels were normal. Adolescents who are anemic 100% iron intake of 8 ± 4.2 mg and vitamin C of 70 ± 70.5 μgRE. Qualitative results show that the development of green medicine products considers all aspects of quality, efficacy, product appearance and distribution. The results of the SWOT analysis show that sustainable green medicine products require local wisdom ingredients and collaboration with cross-sectoral stakeholders.

Conclusion: The development of green medicine products is adjusted to the basic ingredients of local wisdom which contain balanced vitamin C and iron requirements to be able to meet the nutritional intake of anemic adolescent girls by considering the quality, efficacy, product appearance and distribution process so that it can handle and prevent anemia rates among adolescent girls in a sustainable manner.

KEYWORDS: adolescent girls; anemia; ferritin; green mecidine; mix method

Keywords

anemia; feritin; green mecidine; remaja putri; mix method; adolescent girls; anemia; ferritin; green mecidine; mix method

References

Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI). 2023.

Siregar EDP, Amir A IN. The consumption of protein, zinc, and vitamin a associated with ferritin levels in pregnancy. Indones J Nutr Diet. 2020;(10):100.

Khushboo, P., & Sharma A. Herbal remedies in anemia: A review. J Med Plants Res. 2019;13(18):425–30.

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark VL. Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). In: Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. 2017.

Malhotra B, Kulkarni GT, Dhiman N et al. Recent advances on Berberis aristata emphasizing berberine alkaloid including phytochemistry, pharmacology and drug delivery system. J Herb Med. 2021;27.

Sen S CR. Revival, modernization and integration of Indian traditional herbal medicine in clinical practice: Importance, challenges and future. Complement Med. J Tradit. 2017;7:234–244.

Hidayati Y, Sulastri D, Utama BI. Hubungan Asupan Protein dan Zat Besi dengan Kejadian Anemia Defisiensi Besi pada Remaja Putri di SMP Negeri 31 Padang Yusmalia. J Maj Kedokt Andalas. 2023;46(2):385–93.

Syabani Ridwan DF, Suryaalamsah II. Hubungan Status Gizi dan Pengetahuan Gizi dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Remaja Putri di SMP Triyasa Ujung Berung Bandung. Muhammadiyah J Midwifery. 2023;4(1):8.

Risna’im AR, Mahtuti EY, Masyhur M, Faisal. Overview Of Anemia In Young Women Low Body Mass Index (Thin Category). Medicra (Journal Med Lab Sci. 2022;5(2):62–7.

Piskin E, Cianciosi D, Gulec S, Tomas M, Capanoglu E. Iron Absorption: Factors, Limitations, and Improvement Methods. ACS Omega. 2022;7(24):20441–56.

Dewi ADA, Fauzia FR, Astuti TD. Asupan Zat Besi, Vitamin C, Pengetahuan Gizi Kaitannya dengan Kejadian Anemia Remaja Putri di Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Amerta Nutr. 2022;6(1SP):291–7.

Salsabil IS, Nadhiroh SR. Literature Review: Hubungan Asupan Protein, Vitamin C, dan Zat Besi dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri. Media Gizi Kesmas. 2023;12(1):516–21.

Cappellini MD, Santini V, Braxs C SA. Iron metabolism and iron deficiency anemia in women. Fertil Steril. 2022;118(4):607–14.

Cappellini MD, Santini V, Braxs C, 2022)Gattermann N, Muckenthaler MU, Kulozik AE, Metzgeroth G HJ. The Evaluation of Iron Deficiency and Iron Overload. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2021;10(118 (49)):847-856.

Aisah A, Rasyid R, Rofinda ZD, Masrul M. Pengaruh Pemberian Buah Kurma (Phoenix Dactylifera L) terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin dan Feritin pada Mahasiswi. J Akad Baiturrahim Jambi. 2022;11(1):126.

Noer E, Hendrianingtyas M, Rachma DE, Fajrani AM, Limijadi EKS. Is Iron Deficiency Anemia still Becoming Community Health Problem in Urban Area? Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022;10(E):1132–6.

Hailu, T., Mani, J., Kuppusamy Vaithilingam S. Plant-Derived Green Materials for Pharmaceutical Applications. In: Baskar, C., Ramakrishna, S., Daniela La Rosa, A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Green Materials. Springer, Singapore. 2022;1(1):271–1.

Khan, MR, & Omoloso A. Ekstraksi dan Standardisasi Obat Herbal: Tinjauan Umum. Penelit Fitoter. 2013;1(1):1.

World Health Organization (WHO). Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia. 2018. p. 100 Metode Pengendalian Mutu Bahan Herbal.

Paine MF, Roe AL. “Green Medicine”: The Past, Present, and Future of Botanicals. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018;104(3):410–5.

A. T. Fernandez CEM. The Value of Indigenous Plants in Local Health Practices. ournal Herb Med. 2014;7(4):212–9.

Gibson, S. et al. The impact of caffeine and calcium intake on iron absorption and status in adolescents. Nutr Rev. 2020;78(5):393–403.

Nasirly R, Prendika W, Maryetni H. Desain Kemasan Bubuk Minuman Jahe Merah Pada Umkm Bakti Usaha Menggunakan Metode Kansei Engineering. 2023;168–75.

Salm S, Rutz J, van den Akker M, Blaheta RA, Bachmeier BE. Current state of research on the clinical benefits of herbal medicines for non-life-threatening ailments. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14(September):1–21.

A. T. P. Fernandes, M. S. Pereira & JLS. Capsules and Tablets as Dosage Forms of Medicinal Plants. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2011;63(4):493–9.

Daniele MAS, Cleland J, Benova L, Ali M. Provider and lay perspectives on intra-uterine contraception: A global review. Reprod Heal Biomed Cent. 2017;14(1):1–11.

Teherani A, Nikjoo A, den Boer A, Tong MS DA. Community-engaged sustainable health care education. Clin Teach. 2021;18(1):62–8.

Akilen R, Pimlott Z, Tsiami A, Robinson N. Effect of short-term administration of cinnamon on blood pressure in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Nutrition [Internet]. 2013;29(10):1192–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2013.03.007

Garcia-Casal MN, Pasricha SR, Martinez RX, Lopez-Perez L, Peña-Rosas JP. Serum or plasma ferritin concentration as an index of iron deficiency and overload. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;2021(5).

Aguree S, Owora A, Hawkins M, Reddy MB. Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Women with and without Obesity: NHANES 2001–2006. Nutrients. 2023;15(10):1–13.

Jeong YK, Kim JH, Lee SH, Bang M, Chang GT. Safety and efficacy of East Asian herbal medicine for iron deficiency anemia in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15(April):1–20.

Zare R, Nadjarzadeh A, Zarshenas MM, Shams M HM. Efficacy of cinnamon in patients with type II diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(2):549–56.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2025.13(2).%25p