The role of diet compliance, vitamin C intake, physical activity and nutrition education on blood sugar levels of diabetes mellitus patients type 2 during the covid-19 pandemic
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) adalah gangguan metabolik yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah, mempengaruhi kualitas sumber daya manusia, dan meningkatkan biaya perawatan kesehatan. DMT2 juga merupakan komorbiditas COVID-19 .
Tujuan: untuk menguji hubungan antara kepatuhan diet, asupan vitamin C, aktivitas fisik, dan edukasi gizi dengan kontrol glukosa darah pada pasien DMT2.
Metode: Studi observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang dari bulan Maret hingga April 2021 di Rumah Sakit Idaman Banjarbaru. Sebanyak 40 pasien dipilih dari 90 populasi yang memenuhi syarat. Pengambilan sampel secara non-probabilitas. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari rekam medis. Gula darah puasa dikategorikan sebagai terkontrol (<125 mg/dl) atau tidak terkontrol (≥126 mg/dl). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.
Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden berusia 46–55 tahun (40%), perempuan (80%), dan ibu rumah tangga (52,5%). Mayoritas tidak mematuhi rekomendasi diet (60%), memiliki asupan vitamin C yang rendah (47,5%), melakukan aktivitas fisik ringan (37,5%), dan telah menerima edukasi gizi (55%). Gula darah yang tidak terkontrol diamati pada 67,5% peserta. Asosiasi signifikan ditemukan antara kepatuhan diet (p=0,000), asupan vitamin C (p=0,001), aktivitas fisik (p=0,002), dan edukasi gizi (p=0,001) dengan kadar glukosa darah. Rasio odds menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan gizi dan aktivitas fisik memiliki pengaruh terkuat.
Kesimpulan: Kepatuhan diet, asupan vitamin C, aktivitas fisik, dan edukasi gizi berkorelasi signifikan dengan kontrol glukosa darah pada pasien DMT2.
ABSTRACT
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder marked by elevated blood glucose levels, affecting human resource quality and increasing healthcare costs. T2DM is also a known comorbidity of COVID-19.
Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between dietary compliance, vitamin C intake, physical activity, and nutrition education with blood glucose control among T2DM patients.
Methods: An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from March to April 2021 at Idaman Hospital, Banjarbaru. A total of 40 patients were selected from 90 eligible participants using non-probability sampling. Primary data were collected through interviews, while secondary data were obtained from medical records. Fasting blood glucose was categorized as controlled (<125 mg/dl) or uncontrolled (≥126 mg/dl). Data were analyzed using chi-square tests with a 95% confidence level.
Results: showed that most respondents were aged 46–55 years (40%), female (80%), and housewives (52.5%). The majority did not adhere to dietary recommendations (60%), had low vitamin C intake (47.5%), engaged in light physical activity (37.5%), and had received nutrition education (55%). Uncontrolled blood glucose was observed in 67.5% of participants. Significant associations were found between dietary compliance (p=0.000), vitamin C intake (p=0.001), physical activity (p=0.002), and nutrition education (p=0.001) with blood glucose levels. Odds ratios indicated that nutrition education and physical activity had the strongest influence.
Conclusion: Dietary compliance, vitamin C intake, physical activity, and nutrition education significantly correlate with blood glucose control in T2DM patients.
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