The influence of skipping exercise to body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness index in overweight female adolescents

Gebby Dwi Edtripany; Hadi Riyadi; Hardinsyah Hardinsyah

doi:10.21927/ijnd.2024.12(3).%p

The influence of skipping exercise to body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness index in overweight female adolescents

Gebby Dwi Edtripany, Hadi Riyadi, Hardinsyah Hardinsyah

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: The overweight prevalence of adolescents in Indonesia from 2013 to 2018 experienced a significant rising as seen in 13-15 years old age group (expressed in percentage of 8.3 % in 2013 to 11.2 % in 2018) also in the 16-18 years old age group (expressed in percentage of 5.7 % in 2013 to 9.5 % in 2018). An increase of physical activity and improvement of food intake become one solid strategy to reduce the obesity prevalence on female adolescents. Skipping exercise method is able to increase the physical activity level on female adolescents and able to promote the improvement of body composition as well as cardiorespiratory fitness on female adolescents.

Objective: analyzes the effect of skipping exercise to changes of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness on overweight female adolescents by intervention method.

Method: subjects in this study were 28 female students from Junior High which experiencing overweight status and have age ranging from 15-17 years old and willing to participate in this research. Design of this study was a quasi experimental applied to 14 subjects within 1 skiping group and 14 subjects within 1 control group. The intervention group received skipping exercise with 4-8 minutes time duration, 3 times in a week for 8 weeks. Prior to intervention and after the intervention, subjects underwent a body composition measurement (body weight, body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat free mass) by employing the BIA, and a cardiorespiratory fitness index measurement by employing a modified Harvard Step Test method.

Result: according to statistical test, there are significant differences found on body composition (body weight, body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat free mass) also in the cardiorespiratory fitness index, in before and after intervention to skipping group (p<0.05), while no significant difference found in control group (p>0.05). Skipping exercise method able to influence the reduction of body composition and an increase to cardiorespiratory fitness index (P<0.05: R²).

Conclution: Skipping exercise program has a significant effect on the body composition and on the cardiorespiratory fitness index. The skipping exercise is effective for improving body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness index.

KEYWORDS: Overweight; body composition; cardiorespiratory fitness; Skipping

Keywords

Overweight; body composition; cardiorespiratory fitness; Skipping

References

[WHO]. 2019. Childhood Overweight and Obesity. [Accesed 2023 Jan 16]. https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/childhood/en/.

WHO. Obesity and Overweight [Internet]. 2024 [Accesed 2024 Maret 27]. Tersedia pada: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight

Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. 2018.

Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Provinsi Sumatera Barat Riskesdas 2018. 2018.

Oktavani Banjarnahor R, Banurea FF, Oktavia Panjaitan J, Sri Pasaribu RP, Hafni I, Studi PS, dkk. Faktor-faktor risiko penyebab kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas pada anak dan remaja: Studi literatur Risk factors of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence: A literature review. Tropical Public Health Journal Faculty of Public Health;

WHO. Global status report on physical activity [Internet]. Ganeva; 2007 [Accesed 17 February 2024]. Accesed pada: https://www.who.int/toolkits/growthreference-data-for5to19-years/indicators/bmi- for-age

Ahn SM. Current issues in bariatric surgery for adolescents with severe obesity: Durability, complications, and timing of intervention. Vol. 29, Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Korean Society for the Study of Obesity; 2020. hlm. 4–11.

Seema S, Rohilla K, Kalyani V, Babbar P. Prevalence and contributing factors for adolescent obesity in present era: Cross-sectional Study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021;10(5):1890.

Nicolucci A, Maffeis C. The adolescent with obesity: what perspectives for treatment? Vol. 48, Italian Journal of Pediatrics. BioMed Central Ltd; 2022.

Costigan SA, Eather N, Plotnikoff RC, Taaffe DR, Lubans DR, Lubans DR. High-intensity interval training for improving health-related fitness in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tersedia pada: http://bjsm.bmj.com/

Frimpong JB, Agyei M, Apaak D, Ansah EW, True L. Improving Body Mass Index of School-Aged Children Using a Nine-Week Rope Skipping Training Intervention: A One-Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design. Children. 1 November 2022;9(11).

Hao M, Han W, Yamauchi T. Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of a Combined Intervention of Rope Skipping and Nutrition Education for Overweight Children in Northeast China. Asia Pac J Public Health. 1 Mei 2019;31(4):348–58.

Kim J, Son WM, Headid RJ, Pekas EJ, Noble JM, Park SY. The effects of a 12-week jump rope exercise program on body composition, insulin sensitivity, and academic self-efficacy in obese adolescent girls. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1 Januari 2020;33(1):129–37.

Resmi M, Dokter P, Indonesia P, Arifin PM, Faisal N, Agus Y, dkk. Efektivitas Rope Jumping Dan Latihan Tabata Terhadap Fungsi Paru Dan Indeks Kebugaran Tubuh. Respirologi Indonesia. [Internet]. Vol. 34, J Respir Indo. 2014. http://www.jurnalrespirologi.org

Kemenkes. Pedoman Umum Pengendalian Obesitas. Jakarta: Kemenkes; 2015.

Wiryanti Ambarita. Kemenkes. 2023. Mengupas Obesitas, Sang Bom Waktu.

Nisa, Nuraeni Chairi, and Luluk Ria Rakhma. "Hubungan persepsi body image dengan asupan lemak dan komposisi lemak tubuh pada siswi di MAN 2 Surakarta." Jurnal Gizi Masyarakat Indonesia (The Journal of Indonesian Community Nutrition) 8.1 (2019).

’Stefani M ’Baliwati, YF. 'Hardinsyah'. Intervensi air putih dan High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) terhadap perubahan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dan indeks kebugaran kardiovaskular remaja overweight. [bogor]: IPB University; 2015.

Oppert JM, Bellicha A, Ciangura C. Physical activity in management of persons with obesity. Vol. 93, European Journal of Internal Medicine. Elsevier B.V.; 2021. hlm. 8–12.

Sung KD, Pekas EJ, Scott SD, Son WM, Park SY. The effects of a 12-week jump rope exercise program on abdominal adiposity, vasoactive substances, inflammation, and vascular function in adolescent girls with prehypertension. Eur J Appl Physiol. 6 Februari 2019;119(2):577–85.

Seo, KyoChul. "The effects of dance music jump rope exercise on pulmonary function and body mass index after music jump rope exercise in overweight adults in 20’s." Journal of physical therapy science 29.8 (2017): 1348-1351.

Wiklund P. The role of physical activity and exercise in obesity and weight management: Time for critical appraisal. Vol. 5, Journal of Sport and Health Science. Elsevier B.V.; 2016. hlm. 151–4.

Petridou A, Siopi A, Mougios V. Exercise in the management of obesity. Vol. 92, Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. W.B. Saunders; 2019. hlm. 163–9.

Dimarucot HC, Soriano GP. Effectiveness of the multistage jumping rope program in enhancing the physical fitness levels among university students. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences. 2020;8(5):235–9.

J Gerard BT. Exercise and The Heart. In: Principles of Anatomy & Physiology. 14th ed. Vol. p.716. United States of America: Wiley; 2014.

Pinckard K, Baskin KK, Stanford KI. Effects of Exercise to Improve Cardiovascular Health. Vol. 6, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. Frontiers Media S.A.; 2019.

Fitri Y, Sri Mulyani N. HUBUNGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN IMT DAN KOMPOSISI LEMAK TUBUH (The Association Between Physical Activity with Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Composition). Vol. 2. Jurnal AcTion. 2017.

De Lanerolle-Dias M, Lanerolle P, Atukorala S, De Silva A. Urbanisation, dietary patterns and body composition changes in adolescent girls: A descriptive cross sectional study. BMC Nutr. 30 Juli 2015;1(1).

Zeiher J, Ombrellaro KJ, Perumal N, Keil T, Mensink GBM, Finger JD. Correlates and Determinants of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review. Vol. 5, Sports Medicine - Open. Springer; 2019.

Tikanmäki M, Tammelin T, Vääräsmäki M, Sipola-Leppänen M, Miettola S, Pouta A, dkk. Prenatal determinants of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence - Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study. BMC Public Health. 20 April 2017;17(1).

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2024.12(3).%25p