Efektivitas Edukasi Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat terhadap Manajemen Pencegahan Malaria pada Masyarakat Kampung Skow Yambe, Papua. Desain: Studi Kuasi-Eksperimental
Abstract
Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan di Papua, dengan angka kejadian yang jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan wilayah lain di Indonesia dan menjadi kontributor utama kasus nasional setiap tahunnya. Penyakit ini tidak hanya berdampak pada aspek kesehatan individu, tetapi juga berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas masyarakat dan beban ekonomi daerah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya pencegahan berbasis perilaku melalui edukasi Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas edukasi PHBS terhadap peningkatan manajemen pencegahan malaria pada masyarakat Kampung Skow Yambe, Papua. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimental dengan pendekatan pre-test dan post-test tanpa kelompok kontrol, melibatkan 28 responden yang dipilih secara purposive. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner manajemen pencegahan malaria yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya melalui expert judgement. Intervensi berupa edukasi PHBS dilaksanakan satu kali pertemuan tatap muka oleh petugas Puskesmas menggunakan metode ceramah interaktif dan pembagian leaflet. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test karena data tidak berdistribusi normal berdasarkan hasil uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan Shapiro-Wilk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan skor rata-rata perilaku pencegahan malaria dari 23,04 (SD = 7,97) pada pre-test menjadi 40,68 (SD = 1,98) pada post-test, dan uji Wilcoxon menghasilkan nilai Z = -4,292 dengan p-value = 0,000 yang menunjukan perbedaan signifikan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah edukasi PHBS efektif meningkatkan manajemen pencegahan malaria pada masyarakat Kampung Skow Yambe, sehingga edukasi kesehatan berbasis komunitas direkomendasikan dalam program pencegahan malaria di wilayah endemis.
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