The development of low-glycemic, antioxidant-rich moringa–beetroot enteral nutrition for diabetic and stroke patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2026.14(3).199-209Keywords:
Enteral Nutrition, Stroke, Diabetes Mellitus, Beetroot, Moringa, bit, kelorAbstract
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Pasien dengan stroke dan diabetes melitus (DM) berisiko mengalami disfagia dan rentan terhadap malnutrisi. Oleh karena itu, formula enteral dipilih sebagai bentuk terapi nutrisi dan diformulasikan secara khusus agar memiliki indeks glikemik rendah serta kaya akan antioksidan.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi proksimat, kapasitas antioksidan, viskositas, total nilai kalori, dan indeks glikemik dari formula enteral yang disubstitusi dengan bit dan kelor.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri dari tiga kelompok perlakuan dan satu kelompok kontrol. Kelompok kontrol menerima Formula Rumah Sakit (FRS), sedangkan kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari Formula Modifikasi dengan tambahan bit (FRS-B) dan bubuk kelor (FRS-M). Uji total kalori dilakukan dengan kalorimetri bom, analisis makronutrien dengan uji proksimat, viskositas dengan viskometer rotari, daya alir menggunakan selang NGT 16 Fr, analisis kapasitas antioksidan dengan uji DPPH, dan indeks glikemik dengan respons glukosa darah. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t independen, uji t berpasangan, uji Mann-Whitney, dan uji Wilcoxon.
Hasil: FRS-B memenuhi prinsip diet stroke-DM dengan kandungan karbohidrat rendah, lemak rendah, dan protein tinggi, meskipun masih perlu peningkatan kadar protein. Viskositasnya memenuhi standar National Dysphagia Diet. Aktivitas antioksidan FRS secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan formula enteral FRS-B. Indeks glikemik formula FRS-B tergolong tinggi, namun beban glikemiknya rendah. Kandungan energi FRS lebih besar (0.9 kkal/ml) dibandingkan FRS-B (0.7 kkal/ml).
Kesimpulan: Secara keseluruhan, formula enteral FRS-B menunjukkan potensi sebagai terapi nutrisi bagi pasien stroke-DM karena memenuhi kebutuhan diet pada pasien dengan disfagia dan menawarkan manfaat antioksidan. Namun, diperlukan perbaikan pada kandungan protein dan indeks glikemik untuk mengoptimalkan aplikasinya secara klinis.
ABSTRACT
Background: Patients with stroke and diabetes mellitus (DM) are at risk of developing dysphagia and are therefore susceptible to malnutrition. Consequently, enteral formulas are selected as a form of nutritional therapy and are specifically formulated to have a low glycemic index and be rich in antioxidants.
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, viscosity, total caloric value, and the glycemic index of the tested enteral nutrition.
Methods: This study employed a completely randomized design, featuring three treatment groups and one control group. The control group received the Hospital Formula (FRS-C), while the treatment groups included a Modified Formula with added beetroot (FRS-B) and moringa powder (FRS-M). Total calorie test using bomb calorimetry, macronutrient analysis with proximate test, viscosity with rotary viscometer, flow power on 16 Fr NGT tube, antioxidant capacity analysis with DPPH test, and glycemic index with blood glucose response. Data were analyzed using an independent T-test, a paired sample T-test, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon.
Results: FRS-B meets the principles of stroke-DM diet with low carbohydrate, low fat, and high protein, although it needs to increase protein. Its viscosity meets the National Dysphagia Diet standards. The antioxidant activity of FRS is significantly higher than FRS-B enteral formula. The FRS-B glycemic index formula is high, but the glycemic load is low. The energy content of FRS is greater (0.9 kcal/ml) than the FRS-B (0.7 kcal/ml).
Conclusions: To summarize, the FRS-B enteral formula demonstrates potential as a nutritional therapy for stroke-DM patients, as it meets dietary requirements for dysphagia and offers antioxidant benefits, although improvements in protein content and glycemic index are necessary to optimize its clinical applicability.
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