Coping Of Pre-Release Women ’ s Prisoners

Coping of women’s prisoners could changed in various conditions, one of them when they were in pre release condition. Various kinds of coaching has been done, however, did not close possibility of maladaptive coping still found on women’s prisoners pre release. The aim of this study was to identity the coping of women’s prisoners pre release in Prison. This study used quantitative descriptive. The number of samples in this study were 26 women’s prisoners pre-release. Sampling by purposive sampling technique. The data were ISSN 2354-7642 (Print), ISSN 2503-1856 (Online) Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia Tersedia online pada: http://ejournal.almaata.ac.id/index.php/JNKI INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY


INTRODUCTION
Prisons currently accommodate a population of women's prisoners who are larger in number than in previous years.Calculations beginning of 2013 there were more than 660.000 or about 6.5% of women's in the world (1,2).The latest data of 2017 shows that the total number of women's prisoners in Indonesia as many as 8.805 people were inmates and 3.625 were prisoners (2) .The criminal acts committed by women were largely due to gender-based role gaps, socio-economic conditions, and the effects of technological developments.This situation eventually causes women more to have time outdoors, thus allowing the opportunity to commit criminal acts.Acts of crime committed initially minor crimes form such as stealing, gambling, prostitution or traffi cking and ultimately carrying out heavier and more common crimes committed by men such as business (drug dealers or couriers), fraud (embezzlement), acts of corruption and even murder.
compiled with a Ways of Coping Scale questionnaire according to Lazarus and Folkman (1984)  Prisoners who knew about the plan of their freedom, then there were two possible responses on her that will emerge namely adaptive coping and maladaptive coping.Adaptive coping was characterized by the aggressiveness (strong desire) in them to immediately free, met and gather with family, has a great expectation to be accepted by family and society.
Maladaptive coping is shown by the emotional (inner) confl icts in self of prisoners characterized by the emergence of anxiety.
Till this time, the anxiety response was more experienced women's prisoners pre-released, it is because women were more susceptible to psychosocial pressure.Other studies have shown that the results of measurements with higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress levels and lower self concepts in women than men, so it can be concluded that women were more likely to experience the condition (4,5,6).
Based on the preliminary study conducted by the researcher in October 2017 by interviewing three of prisoners, two women's prisoners prereleased did not want to socialize, they felt embarrassed, did not follow many activities of coaching as stock for herself when they free.They felt inferior and did not know about her future.The researcher also interviewed two officers who said that all the prisoners were required to follow the coaching program even though they want be released, such as The characteristics of the emotion-focused coping 26 women prisoners prior to release (pre-releasees) are listed in Table 1.Noted that the majority (57.69%) were have good enough coping and as much (42.31%)were have less good coping.The worse, no one (0%) has good emotion-focused coping.

Tabel 2. Frequency Distribution of Problem-Focused
Coping Category Women prisoners pre-release

Frequency (f) Percentage
Less good 2 7.69% Good enough 22 84.62%Good 2 7.69% The characteristics of the problem-focused coping 26 women prisoners prior to release (pre-releasees) are listed in Table 2. Noted that the majority (84.82%) were have good enough coping and as much (7.69%) were have less good coping.Unfortunately only (7.69%) has good problem-focused coping.

Based on the above data retrieval results
show that each of women prisoners have different coping in addressing problems that arise with different stressors.The emotion-focused coping aims to modify the emotional stresses caused by stressful events, while the problem-focused coping aims to adapt and set the way to solve the problem (8).Women's prisoners tend to use emotionally focused coping such as expressing feelings, seeking emotional support, rejection, acceptance and positive thinking (9).Individual who had good enough of emotion-focused coping showed that she saw the positive side of problem, accepted the problem, and interpreted it in a positive form and actively sought the support of family or friends.While the coping focused on the poor emotions shows that the women prisoners avoid by not thinking about how to solve the problem, may even doing denial (9,10).
Other research results indicate that psychological and physical health is closely related to the negative emotional intensity of the prisoners (6).Moreover, psychological well-being is one of the benefi ts used adaptive emotion-focused coping.This can be done by prisoners with sharing problems with other or family members (10,18).Emotion-focused coping Specifi cally could help regulate emotions that emphasize positive aspects of the situation so as to form effective thinking (11).The problemfocused coping were often used and have success as coping strategies dictated by the situation encountered.Problem-focused coping strategies are more commonly used by men than women (12).
The pre-release women prisoners with good enough coping category indicate that they do not have skills to solve the problem in a positive way, so that he will use negative ways to solve his problem (13,14).Prisoners with poor coping conditions risk doing a lot of offence while in prison.A poor coping is characterized by anger, a desire to withdraw and do not want to interact with others, has a desire to commit suicide because it feels its presence is unexpected and even plans to take revenge, thus risking repeated offenses once free or returning to society (11).
Women prisoners who have poor coping indicate that prisoners have varied in response to problems in prison, half of prisoners said that the free citizens can not solve the problem anyway but the prison offi cers help to solves their problem.About one-third of prisoners said that they do not have a friend to talk to, either for emotional support or try to solving problem (11).
The women prisoners who have good enough coping assume that there were some problems that can be solved independently without requiring help by others (11).That Conditions were not only infl uenced by external factors, but also infl uenced by the internal factors as emotional and mood.The human emotions influenced by the hormonal system.When emotions are unstable, they can lead to shortterm memory impairment, leading to women prisoners experiencing diffi culty in dealing with psychosocial stressors, despite having adaptive coping (15,16).
Women prisoners who have adaptive coping show that they were confident and competent to solve problems positively.Based on the results of previous studies showing that women who choose to use adaptive coping were motivated by their unwillingness to create new problems that can later aggravate the mass of punishment and to facilitate obtaining remission.
in addition, adaptive coping used also comes from family caring since childhood, such as increasing spiritual coping, so that they become more calm in facing freedom (17,18,19).

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this research and discussion that has been described previously, it can be concluded as follows: pre-release women prisoners have average coping enough and less good, it could be used as an indicator for preparation of dischage planning before free, so it needs to be improved again to do deeper screening activities.The results of this study can be used as a reference in determining appropriate interventions as the preparation of women prisoners in facing freedom and return to the community and for further research can be studied more deeply related to factors that affect coping in prisons specifi cally in women prisoners before release.
consisting of 60 statements divided into two types, namely 20 emotion-focused coping statements and 40 problem-focused coping statements.This study was conducted in one of the Prison in Indonesia.The analysis of this study used univariate and frequency distribution.The results showed that women's prisoners who used emotion-focused coping as much as 57.69% in passable category and 42.31% have poor category.