Art Therapy on the Cognitive Function of Elderly with Dementia

The aging process continues as time goes by and there will be an impairment of the organ. Decreased body functions that often appear one of them is a decrease in cognitive function. Decreased cognitive function is usually associated with a decrease in the right hemisphere of the brain that goes faster than the left. Not surprisingly, in the elderly there is a decline in the form of visual memory decline (for example, easy to forget the faces of people), difficulty concentrating, quickly turning attention. The nature of this disorder is very individual, not the same level with one another. The most dominant setback found is decreased memory or memory capacity (Sulianti, 2000). This is often considered normal and natural for older people. If this is allowed to happen then the elderly will experience early symptoms of dementia which are marked by a lot of forgetting. Most of the elderly experienced dementia by showing changes in behavior. This study was to identify the effect of art therapy on cognitive function ISSN 2354-7642 (Print), ISSN 2503-1856 (Online) Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia Tersedia online pada: http://ejournal.almaata.ac.id/index.php/JNKI INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY

This is often considered normal and natural for older people. If this is allowed to happen then the elderly will experience early symptoms of dementia which are marked by a lot of forgetting.
The Indonesian Departement of Health Report in 1998 said that the increase in the incidence of dementia was directly proportional to the increase in the life expectancy of the population.
Approximately 5% of elderly in the age range 65-70 years with dementia doubled every five years and it reached 45% at the age above 85 years. Dementia is a collection of symptoms characterized by cognitive and memory disorders and may affect the daily activities. People with Alzheimer's impaired memory and thought process disorder so it affects the ability to make decision. Cognitive function is a human mental process that includes attention perception, thought processes, knowledge and memory.
As many as 75% of the large brain area is a cognitive area (10). Decline in cognitive function

Characteristics of the respondents
All the characteristics of respondent including age, gender, education history, employment history and family support has the categorized form so they were described in the frequency distribution tables. The tables for the respondent's characteristics of intervention group and the control group are summarized in a table in order to see the comparison.

The differences of cognitive function in the control group and the intervention group
The cognitive function in the control group or the intervention group before the intervention is equal or balanced. This is evidenced by the results of equality testing or homogeneity tests of cognitive function before the intervention that showed both groups had the same degree of equality with a P value = 0.93 or in other words, both groups were homogeneous. The two social homes have the same daily activities. Based on the above table showed that the control group before the brain exercise given the average score of cognitive function of 21.56.
After giving brain exercise during the fourth week, the average score of cognitive function was 22,02. This shows that in the control group after testing using t-dependent test there is a The results of the research analysis showed that in the control group the mean of cognitive function score before and after the daily elderly gymnastics for 4 (four) weeks showed a significant cognitive function improvement, it was 0.46. Similarly in the intervention group, the cognitive funtion showed a significant increase with an average score increase 3.15 after the art therapy. This suggests that the increase in the intervention group is much greater than that of the control group. Based on the table, the differences between control groups before and after being given elderly gymnastics and intervention groups before and after art therapy were also apparent.
In  In the control group, it was found a significant increase in cognitive function after being given elderly gym every day for four weeks.
The increased cognitive ability is also supported by the statement saying that the decrease in the intensity and the duration of activity will accelerate the process of cognitive function decline. To prevent the occurrence of cognitive function decline, it is required physical activity conducted regularly and routinely. The increasing cognitive function experienced by the control group is consistent with the statement saying that physical activity can activate a number of factors that ultimately lead to neurogenesis by increasing the activation of neurons. Routine and regular physical activity is also given to the control group by giving elderly gym every day.
Therefore there was an increase in cognitive function after the elderly gym. Increasing the value of cognitive function in the control group was due to the elderly in their daily activities not only get the elderly gym but also they get other activities such as skill guidance, psychological guidance, spiritual guidance, music playing, singing and dancing. These activities can also stimulate the cognitive function of the elderly.
From the analysis result of this research, it was found that the increase of the mean score of cognitive function of intervention group is higher than one of the control group.
Although both groups experienced a significant improvement and the average score improvement of the intervention group was higher than one of the control group, the improvement in the intervention group clinically had not been able to increase to the next level or to the higher level. This was due to art therapy was given for 4 (four) weeks which is the initial time of neurons adaptation to physical activity that reaches the deadline of 6 (six) weeks.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The characteristics of elderly with dementia are ranged at age of 70-79 years (36,6%) and the majority are female (65,9%) in the intervention group, while in the control group are mostly aged 70-79 years (58,5%) and about 87,8% of them are female. There was a significant improvement in cognitive function in the elderly with dementia before and after art therapy for 4 (four) weeks in the intervention group and in the control group before and after the elderly gym. The cognitive function improvement in the intervention group pre-post art therapy was higher than the one in the control group with the difference of 2.68 points. Recommendation of this research to implement the Art Therapy for elderly not only for those who experience dementia but also for other elderly brain condition.