Determinants of Stunting among under-fives aged 24–59 months in the villages of Labuan Ratu Kampung, Banjar Ketapang, and Gunung Labuhan
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan fisik, perkembangan kognitif, serta kualitas sumber daya manusia di masa mendatang. Kejadian stunting dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia 21,5% dan Kabupaten Lampung Utara memiliki prevalensi yang lebih tinggi sebesar 23,5% pada tahun 2023.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan riwayat pemberian asi ekslusif, jumlah anggota keluarga dan pendapatan keluarga dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Desa Labuhan Ratu Kampung, Desa Banjar Ketapang, dan Desa Gunung Labuhan, Kabupaten Lampung Utara.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain observasional analitik menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November 2024 sampai dengan Januari 2025 terhadap 65 balita yang dipilih menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan pengukuran antropometri, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Gamma dengan tingkat kemaknaan 95% (α=0,05).
Hasil: Sebanyak 35 balita (53,8%) mengalami stunting. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif (p=0,01; Gamma=0,53), jumlah anggota keluarga (p=0,04; Gamma=-0,50) dan pendapatan keluarga (p=0,01; Gamma=-1,00) dengan kejadian stunting. Proporsi stunting lebih tinggi pada balita yang tidak memperoleh ASI eksklusif dan berasal dari keluarga dengan jumlah anggota lebih dari empat orang.
Kesimpulan: Riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, dan pendapatan rumah tangga merupakan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status stunting pada balita. Upaya pencegahan stunting perlu dilaksanakan melalui pendekatan terpadu yang mendorong pemberian ASI eksklusif dan pemantauan pertumbuhan secara berkala, sembari mempertimbangkan pendapatan rumah tangga dan jumlah anggota keluarga dalam upaya memenuhi kebutuhan gizi anak.
ABSTRACT
Background: Stunting remains a public health issue that impacts physical growth, cognitive development, and the future quality of human resources. The occurrence of stunting is influenced by various factors. The national prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is 21.5%, while North Lampung Regency recorded a higher prevalence of 23.5% in 2023.
Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the history of exclusive breastfeeding, family size, and family income and the incidence of stunting among children under five in Labuhan Ratu Kampung, Banjar Ketapang, and Gunung Labuhan villages, North Lampung Regency.
Methods: This study is a quantitative, analytic observational study employing a cross-sectional design. It was conducted from November 2024 to January 2025, involving 65 children under five years of age selected via cluster random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and anthropometric measurements and subsequently analyzed using the Gamma test at a 95% significance level (α=0.05).
Results: A total of 35 under-fives (53.8%) were stunted. The results showed significant associations between exclusive breastfeeding history (p=0.01; Gamma=0.53), household size (p=0.04; Gamma=-0.50), and household income (p=0.01; Gamma=-1.00) and stunting status. The proportion of stunting was higher among under-fives who were not exclusively breastfed and who came from families with more than four members.
Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding, household size, and income are associated with stunting in under-fives. Prevention should promote exclusive breastfeeding and growth monitoring while considering household resources and family size.
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