AUTOMATED ACNE TYPE IDENTIFICATION THROUGH FORWARD CHAINING APPROACH

Authors

  • Aris Rakhmadi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
  • Naura Fikamelyalla Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
  • Sri Winiarti Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
  • Esi Putri Silmina Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta
  • Umi Fadlillah Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
  • Yusuf Sulistyo Nugroho Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21927/ijubi.v8i1.5377

Keywords:

Acne Type Identification, Forward Chaining, Expert System, Healthcare, Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Acne, a prevalent dermatological condition, poses significant physical and psychological challenges. Despite its widespread impact, timely and accessible diagnosis remained a barrier for many, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions. This study introduced an online consultation system for acne-type identification, leveraging a forward chaining approach within an AI-powered expert system. The system analyzed user-reported symptoms—such as severity, location, and appearance—using a rule-based inference mechanism to provide accurate diagnoses and tailored treatment recommendations. Developed using a prototype model, the system’s knowledge base was enriched through observations, literature reviews, and expert interviews, ensuring reliability and clinical relevance. Iterative testing, including black-box evaluations and a System Usability Scale (SUS) assessment, confirmed the system's functionality and user satisfaction, with a SUS score of 86.5, indicating high acceptance. The system bridged critical gaps in dermatological care, particularly for underserved communities, by enabling rapid, user-centric diagnostics and personalized recommendations. The research underscored the transformative potential of artificial intelligence and expert systems in healthcare. By integrating accessibility, scalability, and precision, the proposed system addressed the challenges of acne management and set a foundation for future advancements in dermatological diagnostics.

References

A. R. Sari, P. K. Ramadhanty, N. Anggraeni, E. Destra, and Y. Firmansyah, “Exploring the Connection Between Facial Skin Cleansing Habits and Acne Vulgaris: A Comprehensive Review,†Medicor : Journal of Health Informatics and Health Policy, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 25–30, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.61978/medicor.v1i1.42.

H. A. Abbas et al., “Antibacterial and hemocompatibility potentials of nano-gold-cored alginate preparation against anaerobic bacteria from acne vulgaris,†Sci Rep, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 6984, 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57643-5.

M. Vasam, S. Korutla, and R. A. Bohara, “Acne vulgaris: A review of the pathophysiology, treatment, and recent nanotechnology based advances,†Biochem Biophys Rep, vol. 36, p. 101578, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101578.

A. Rakhmadi and M. D. U. Abshar, “Identifikasi dan Edukasi Daerah Rawan Banjir Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis Pendekatan Geospasial pada Kabupaten Karanganyar,†J-ABDIMASTEK, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 9–20, Jul. 2024.

R. Cerchione, P. Centobelli, E. Riccio, S. Abbate, and E. Oropallo, “Blockchain’s coming to hospital to digitalize healthcare services: Designing a distributed electronic health record ecosystem,†Technovation, vol. 120, p. 102480, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102480.

P. Kumar, S. Chauhan, and L. K. Awasthi, “Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Review, Ethics, Trust Challenges & Future Research Directions,†Eng Appl Artif Intell, vol. 120, p. 105894, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2023.105894.

A. Satria, A. Naufal Yulianra, M. Az Zahrah, and M. S. Anggreainy, “Application of the Certainty Factor and Forward Chaining Methods to a Cat Disease Expert System,†in 2022 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Data Sciences (AiDAS), 2022, pp. 83–88. doi: 10.1109/AiDAS56890.2022.9918803.

D. P. Kartikasari, A. Tobing, A. Bhawiyuga, A. Kusyanti, and N. H. Purwaningtyas, “A Store-forward Method for Biosignal Acquisition in Smart Health Care System using Wearable IoT Device,†Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 51–58, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.22219/kinetik.v6i1.1154.

S. Cruz, N. Vecerek, and N. Elbuluk, “Targeting Inflammation in Acne: Current Treatments and Future Prospects,†Am J Clin Dermatol, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 681–694, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s40257-023-00789-1.

I. Ferreira, C. M. Lopes, and M. H. Amaral, “Treatment Advances for Acne Vulgaris: The Scientific Role of Cannabinoids,†Cosmetics, vol. 11, no. 1, 2024, doi: 10.3390/cosmetics11010022.

D. Dabash et al., “Prevalence of acne and its impact on quality of life and practices regarding self-treatment among medical students,†Sci Rep, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 4351, 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55094-6.

Z. Li, K. C. Koban, T. L. Schenck, R. E. Giunta, Q. Li, and Y. Sun, “Artificial Intelligence in Dermatology Image Analysis: Current Developments and Future Trends,†J Clin Med, vol. 11, no. 22, 2022, doi: 10.3390/jcm11226826.

A. Escalé-Besa et al., “Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence in improving skin lesion diagnosis in primary care,†Sci Rep, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 4293, 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31340-1.

S. P. Choy et al., “Systematic review of deep learning image analyses for the diagnosis and monitoring of skin disease,†NPJ Digit Med, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 180, 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41746-023-00914-8.

B. Sawik and J. Płonka, “Project and Prototype of Mobile Application for Monitoring the Global COVID-19 Epidemiological Situation,†Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol. 19, no. 3, 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031416.

J. Troville, S. Rudin, and D. R. Bednarek, “A Prototype Software System for Intra-procedural Staff Dose Monitoring and Virtual Reality Training for Fluoroscopically Guided Interventional Procedures,†J Digit Imaging, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 1091–1109, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10278-023-00790-4.

S. G. Tetteh, “Empirical Study of Agile Software Development Methodologies: A Comparative Analysis,†Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 30–42, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.9734/ajrcos/2024/v17i5436.

Z. Zhang, J. Gao, R. S. Dhaliwal, and T. J.-J. Li, “VISAR: A Human-AI Argumentative Writing Assistant with Visual Programming and Rapid Draft Prototyping,†in Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, in UIST ’23. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2023. doi: 10.1145/3586183.3606800.

G. A. Prakasa and A. Rakhmadi, “Prototype Sistem Kunci Pintu Berbasis QRCode dan Arduino,†2017. Accessed: Jan. 26, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://eprints.ums.ac.id/49335/1/Naskah%20Publikasi.pdf

A. Rakhmadi and A. Yudhana, “Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Sign Language Recognition: A Review of Current Approaches,†International Journal of Informatics and Computation (IJICOM), vol. 6, no. 2, 2024, doi: 10.35842/ijicom.

A. Rakhmadi and N. D. Rahmawati, “Implementation of Simple Additive Weighting to Decide a Fund Proposal,†2023.

I. Karunarathna et al., “The Crucial Role of Data Collection in Research: Techniques, Challenges, and Best Practices,†Uva Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Data collection, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383155720

N. P. Putri and A. Rakhmadi, “Pemeriksaan Keseimbangan Dinamis Pasien Lanjut Usia dengan Berg Balance Scale Berbasis Web,†Emitor: Jurnal Teknik Elektro, vol. 18, pp. 28–35, 2018.

M. Atif, K. Munir, I. Malik, Y. M. Al-Worafi, I. Mushtaq, and N. Ahmad, “Perceptions of healthcare professionals and patients on the role of the pharmacist in TB management in Pakistan: A qualitative study,†Front Pharmacol, vol. 13, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.965806.

R. G. Russell et al., “Competencies for the Use of Artificial Intelligence–Based Tools by Health Care Professionals,†Academic Medicine, vol. 98, no. 3, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/fulltext/2023/03000/competencies_for_the_use_of_artificial.19.aspx

A. Rakhmadi and R. Ariyanto, “Measurement Motoric System of Cerebral Palsy Disability using Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM),†khazanah informatika, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 32–37, Apr. 2021.

D. García-Zamora, Ã. Labella, W. Ding, R. M. Rodríguez, and L. Martínez, “Large-Scale Group Decision Making: A Systematic Review and a Critical Analysis,†IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 949–966, 2022, doi: 10.1109/JAS.2022.105617.

R. Fauzan and A. V. Prananda, “Expert System for Diagnosing Palm Tree Diseases and Pests using Forward Chaining and Certainty Factor,†Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 27–34, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.22219/kinetik.v3i1.524.

V. Bilgram and F. Laarmann, “Accelerating Innovation With Generative AI: AI-Augmented Digital Prototyping and Innovation Methods,†IEEE Engineering Management Review, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 18–25, 2023, doi: 10.1109/EMR.2023.3272799.

Z. Aghababaeyan, M. Abdellatif, L. Briand, R. S, and M. Bagherzadeh, “Black-Box Testing of Deep Neural Networks through Test Case Diversity,†IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 3182–3204, 2023, doi: 10.1109/TSE.2023.3243522.

R. and M. M. and B. L. and D. A. and L. S. and H. S. Hyzy Maciej and Bond, “System Usability Scale Benchmarking for Digital Health Apps: Meta-analysis,†JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, vol. 10, no. 8, p. e37290, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.2196/37290.

Downloads

Published

2025-06-30

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Business Intelligence (IJUBI)

Section

Articles

License

COPYRIGHT TRANSFER FORM

The copyright to this article is transferred to Alma Ata University Press if and when the article is accepted for publication. The undersigned hereby transfers any and all rights in and to the paper including without limitation all copyrights to AAU Press. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment.

We declare that:

1. This paper has not been published in the same form elsewhere.

2. It will not be submitted anywhere else for publication prior to acceptance/rejection by this Journal.

3. A copyright permission is obtained for materials published elsewhere and which require this permission for reproduction.

Furthermore, I/We hereby transfer the unlimited rights of publication of the above mentioned paper in whole to AAU Press. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.

The corresponding author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. This agreement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who have obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. After submission of this agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted.

Retained Rights/Terms and Conditions

 

1. Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the Work.

2. Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the Work or derivative works for the authors personal use or for company use, provided that the source and the AAU Press copyright notice are indicated, the copies are not used in any way that implies AAU Press endorsement of a product or service of any employer, and the copies themselves are not offered for sale.

3. Although authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the Work in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use.